446 INDEX A Blacksmith – 76 Art – 1, 4,16,19,31,102 Brass – 93 Asiatic – 23 Bodhgaya – 170 Adi-28 C Aluminium-80, 81 Chandellas – 31 Aryan – 23 Chola – 24 Arthasastra- 85 Chaityas – 33 Avalokitesvara – 33, 50 D Adi-Buddhas – 28 Damphu-290 Arthasastra – 28, 79, 82 Digambara – 23 Aparajitaprachchha – 29 Dhyani Buddhas – 27 Asoka – 31, 32, 35 Dhauli – 36 Ajatsatru – 39 Dhanteras – 114 Aesthetic – 59, 184, 199 Dhamasala – 170 Alluminium – 76, 77 Dharmavidhi – 191 B Dhyangro-290 Bhaja- 38 Doksay-280 Buddhism – 17, 85 Dutavakyam – 192 Bindusara – 23 E Bharhut – 25, 33, 40 Evolution – 19, 20 Bindusara - 29 Elliptical – 21 Bodhgaya – 25, 40 F Bodhisattava – 43, 49, 50, 211 Focillon – 21 447 G Kalasa-267 Gandhara – 28, 42 Kuto – 98 Ganga – 23 Khukri – 100 Greek – 23 Kataniya – 104 Grama – 37 Khainjadi-290 H Kumbha-267 Hinyana – 23 Khenri – 173 Hinduism – 17 Karma – 173 Himalayan – 18, 19 Kamasutra – 192 Harmony – 22 Khada – 200 Hoysala – 24 Kalpalata – 210 Harini Mudra – 50 M Harappa – 77 Mahadeva -33 Hamzanama – 193 Maitrya-33 I Manjushri-33 Iconometry – 178 Mahenjodaro-36 J Mauryan-37, 39, 43 Jainism – 17 Matsyapurana-83 Jharni – 108 Makaras-44 Jewellery – 111, 113 Mahayana – 17, 27 K Multilinear – 20 Kushana – 23, 42 Magadh – 23 Kanishka – 87 Mauryan – 24, 31, 34, 35, 38 Kunkhen Pedma Karpo – 50 Manjushri – 27 Kamsya – 84 Maitreya – 27 448 Makaras – 40 S Monastery – 50 Sakya-30 Matsyapurana – 79 Sakunyala-264 Meteoric – 79 Sanchi-38 Mandala – 173, 175, 181, 183, 199 Sarasvati-30 Mantrayana – 190 Sesanaga - 10 Mahavasya – 192 Sculpture – 16, 17, 32, 45 Mahakala – 197 Silpa – 29 N Silparatna-34 Nataraja – 88 Stupa-32 Naal – 109 Symbols – 16, 25, 186 Nandangarh-39 Svetambara – 23 P Sanchi – 33, 34 Parthian – 23 Saiva – 17 Pataliputra – 29 Scythians – 23 Pala – 28, 29 Stupa – 25, 26, 27, 33, 45 Peringo-280 Saranath – 34 Puranas – 29 Susruta – 85 Parkham – 37 Silpasastra – 88 Padma Sambhava – 50 Sthapatis – 91 Pato – 169, 182 T Patanjali – 192 Tirthankara- 10 R Talpa-257 Raghuvamsam – 31 Trisala-266 Rig veda – 79 Tradition – 18, 45, 102 449 Technique - 88, 179 Yamuna – 23 Tin – 92 Yaksini – 42 Tarkashi – 94, 95 Yamapatas – 192 Tamrakunda – 104 Yolmo – 200 Thangka – 169, 172, 176, 177, 199 Z Tantric – 174 Zarnishan - 94 Tamang – 200 U Unilinear – 20 Uma-alingana – 49 V Vastu-34 Vatayana-35 Vaishnava – 23 Vajrapani – 27 Vimana – 34 Vastu – 29 Vengi – 41 Vajradhara – 49 Vitarka – 50 Vajrayana – 190 Vasantavitasa – 191 Vajravairava – 198 Y 450 TABLE – 1 Occupational Structure (in percent) Cultivator Agricultural Household Others Marginal Non Workers Main Workers Labours Industry Workers Industry 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 Darjeeling Hill 11.14 22.23 2.55 9.93 0.12 3.53 19.41 64.3 0.72 7.23 66.0 64.33 33.29 28.43 Area Darjeeling District 8.34 15.5 3.98 10.2 0.21 2.80 21.18 71.5 0.51 5.6 65.78 64.6 33.71 29.80 Source: District Census Handbook, Census of India: 1991, 2001. 451 TABLE – 2 Population Composition of Darjeeling District (1901) Different Eghnic Community Percentage Nepali 61% Lepchas 27% Bhutias 4% Tibetans 1% SC & STs 27% Other Indian and European Communities 4% Total 1000% Source : Banerjee et.al., 1980. 452 TABLE – 3 Sub-Division wise Occupational Structure (in %) 2001 Sub Divisions Total Workers Types of Total Workers Cultivators Agricultural Household Ind. Others Total Population Labourers workers Darjeeling Sadar 34.41 17.66 9.01 3.40 69.93 388107 Kalimpong 38.82 37.30 14.72 4.58 43.40 225220 Kurseong 33.72 11.74 6.07 2.61 79.58 177264 Source : Darjeeling District Statistical Handbook 2008. 453 TABLE – 4 Caste affiliation of the Artisans community Major crafts Artisans Craft Terracotta Bamboo & Bamboo & Cane Craft craft Silver Thangka & caste Wood Craft Black Smithy Scroll PaintingScroll Totalunit no. of Kalimpong Arts Copper & Brass Brass & Copper affiliation Weaving Carpet Bishwarkarma - 7 - - 2 1 14 32 34 90 Bhutia 12 1 4 - 8 3 - - - 28 Chhetri 1 - 1 - 8 3 - - - 13 Chinese - - - - - 2 - - - 2 Damai - 1 - - - - - - - 1 Dukpa - - - - 3 2 - - - 5 Gurung 4 - - - 3 2 - - - 9 Tamang 5 - 2 - - - - - - 7 Lepcha - - - - 3 - - - - 3 Mukhia - 3 2 - 8 4 - - - 17 Pradhan - 2 - - 14 6 3 - - 25 Rai 4 - - - - - - - - 4 Sarki - - - 4 2 6 - - - 12 Sherpa - 5 - - 7 3 - - - 15 Subba - 2 2 - 8 5 - - - 17 Thami - - - - - 2 - - - 2 Thapa - 4 1 - 4 2 - - - 11 Bengalese - - - 35 10 - 16 18 6 85 Total 26 25 12 39 80 41 33 50 40 346 Number Per Crafts Source: Field Survey of Sub-Himalayan Darjeeling Region. 454 Appendix A Sariputta Source: Collected by Researcher, from Salugara Monastery 455 Appendix B Wooden Devalaya Source: Collected by Researcher, from Salugara Monastery 456 Appendix C Lord Buddha Source: Collected by Researcher, from Salugara Monastery 457 Appendix D Vajradhara Source: Collected by Researcher, from Salugara Monastery 458 Appendix E Tattoo Source: Collected by Researcher 459 Appendix F Eight decorative holy symbols on wooden door Source: Collected by Researcher 460 Appendix G Sculpture of Lord Shiva Source: Collected by Researcher, from Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling 461 Appendix H Sculpture of Shiva Linga Source: Collected by Researcher, from Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling. 462 Appendix I Sculpture of Nandi Source: Collected by Researcher, from Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling 463 Appendix J Golden Shiva Linga structure Source: Collected by Researcher, from Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling 464 Appendix K Sculpture of Lord Buddha Source: Collected by Researcher, from Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling .