NEW CANALIZATION OF THE NEDERRIJN AND LEK APPENDIX Design of a weir equipped with fibre reinforced polymer gates which is designed using a structured design methodology based on Systems Engineering 25 January 2013 : Henry Tuin Appendices New canalisation of the Nederrijn and Lek Colophon Reference: Tuin H. G., 2013. New canalization of the Nederrijn and Lek – Design of a weir equipped with fibre reinforced polymer gates which is designed using a structured design methodology based on Systems Engineering (Master Thesis), Delft: Technical university of Delft. Key words Hydraulic structures, weir design, dam regime design, Systems Engineering, canalization of rivers, fibre reinforced polymer hydraulic gates, Nederrijn, Lek, corridor approach, river engineering. Author: Name: ing. H.G. Tuin Study number: 1354493 Address: Meulmansweg 25-C 3441 AT Woerden Mobile phone number: + 31 (0) 641 177 158 E-mail address: [email protected] Study: Civil Engineering; TUDelft Graduation field: Hydraulic Structures Study: Technical University of Delft Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Section of Hydraulic Engineering Specialisation Hydraulic Structures CIE 5060-09 Master Thesis Graduation committee: Prof. drs. ir. J.K. Vrijling TU Delft, Hydraulic Engineering, chairman Dr. ir. H.G. Voortman ARCADIS, Principal consultant Water Division, daily supervisor Ir. A. van der Toorn TU Delft, Hydraulic Engineering, daily supervisor Dr. M.H. Kolstein TU Delft, Structural Engineering, supervisor for fibre reinforced polymers : ARCADIS & TUDelft i Appendices New canalisation of the Nederrijn and Lek Contents Colophon ...................................................................................................................................................................... i A. Literature study .................................................................................................................................................... 1 A.1 Introduction to the Nederrijn and Lek .................................................................................................... 1 A.2 History ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 A.2.1 The Rhine branches ............................................................................................................... 3 A.2.2 Canalization of the Rhine branches ..................................................................................... 6 A.2.3 The canalization project of the Nederrijn (1960) ................................................................ 8 A.2.4 Dam regime .......................................................................................................................... 10 A.3 Present water system ............................................................................................................................... 11 A.3.1 Water management in the Netherlands ............................................................................ 11 A.3.1.1 The flow of water through the Netherlands ............................................ 11 A.3.1.2 Present dam regime of the Nederrijn and Lek ........................................ 13 A.3.1.3 Water levels for the Nederrijn and Lek .................................................... 13 A.3.1.4 Safety levels of the levees in the Netherlands ......................................... 14 A.3.1.5 Change of the maximum design discharges ........................................... 14 A.3.1.6 Governing high water levels ..................................................................... 16 A.3.2 Sediment transport .............................................................................................................. 16 A.3.2.1 Bed transport ............................................................................................... 17 A.3.2.2 Suspended sediment transport ................................................................. 18 A.3.3 Salinization of the delta ....................................................................................................... 19 A.3.4 Autonomous bed erosion.................................................................................................... 20 A.4 Future situation ........................................................................................................................................ 21 A.4.1 Second delta committee ...................................................................................................... 22 A.5 Description of the weirs in the Nederrijn ............................................................................................. 24 A.5.1 Present weirs ........................................................................................................................ 24 A.5.1.1 Variant analysis ........................................................................................... 25 A.5.1.2 Weir design .................................................................................................. 26 A.5.2 Changes in the design ......................................................................................................... 30 A.5.2.1 Waterpower installation at weir Amerongen (1984) .............................. 30 A.5.2.2 Improving fish migration by building fish ladders (1990) .................... 31 A.5.2.3 Undesired vibrations of the visor gates of weir Hagestein (1993) ........ 31 A.5.2.4 Waterpower installation at weir Hagestein (2005) ................................. 31 A.5.3 State of the weirs .................................................................................................................. 32 A.5.3.1 Functions of the weirs ................................................................................ 33 A.5.3.2 Failure scenarios .......................................................................................... 35 A.6 Weir designs ............................................................................................................................................. 39 A.6.1 The infuence of a weir on the water levels ....................................................................... 39 A.6.2 An overview of weirs .......................................................................................................... 44 B. Information and methods ................................................................................................................................. 51 B.1 Systems engineering theory ................................................................................................................... 51 B.2 Multi criteria analysis method ............................................................................................................... 52 B.3 Model description for configuration variants ...................................................................................... 54 B.3.1 Input data and boundary conditions of the present situation ....................................... 54 B.3.2 Visualization of the configuration ..................................................................................... 59 ii ARCADIS & TUDelft : Appendices New canalisation of the Nederrijn and Lek B.4 Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) ............................................................................................................ 61 B.4.1 Reinforcement ...................................................................................................................... 61 B.4.1.1 Glass fibre reinforcement ........................................................................... 61 B.4.1.2 Polyaramid fibre reinforcement ................................................................ 61 B.4.1.3 Carbon fibre reinforcement ....................................................................... 62 B.4.1.4 Application of reinforcement .................................................................... 62 B.4.2 Resins ..................................................................................................................................... 62 B.4.3 Cores ...................................................................................................................................... 63 B.4.4 InfraCore® panels patented by FiberCore ........................................................................ 63 B.4.5 Fabrication of fiber reinforced polymer plates ................................................................. 64 B.4.5.1 Open mould processes ............................................................................... 64 B.4.5.2 Closed mould processes ............................................................................. 65 B.4.5.3 Continuous process .................................................................................... 66 B.4.6 Design properties of laminates .......................................................................................... 66 B.4.6.1 Stiffnes properties ....................................................................................... 66 B.4.6.2 Safety factors ................................................................................................ 68 B.4.6.3 Moment of inertia of sandwich panels ..................................................... 70 B.5 Laminate for gate design .......................................................................................................................