Editedby SueKeller Proceedingsof the InternationalConference onFish By-Products Anchorage,Alaska - April25-27, 1990 MMAlaekaSeaGrant College Program 1990Report No. 90-07 Rgb-lii -9Q -QQ I C2. LOANCOPY ONLy MAKING PRORTS .u~.<SEAFOOD WASTES Editedby SueKeller Proceedingsof the InternationalConference onFish By-Products Anchorage,Alaska - April 25-27, 1990 PeterMoore, Conference Chairman BrendaMelteff, Conference Coordinator AlaskaSea Grant College Program UniversityofAlaska Fairbanks ~138 Irving II Fairbanks,AK 99775-5040 Telephone 907! 474-7086 ~Fax 907!474-6285 AK-SG-90-07 1990 Price$1 0.00 Elmer E. RasmusonLibrary Cataloging-in-PublicationData. InternationalConference on Fish By-Products990: Anchorage! Makingprofits out of seafoodwastes: Proceedings of theInternational Conference on Fish By-Products. AK-SG-90-07! 1.Fishery products Congresses. I. Keller,Sue II. AlaskaSea Grant CollegeProgram. III. Title. IV. SeriesV. Series:Alaska Sea Grant report; no. 90-07. SH335.8.I58 1990 About This Publication Thisbook was produced by theAlaska Sea Grant College Program and the AlaskaFisheries Development Foundation, primary sponsor of theconference. TheAlaska Sea Grant College Program is cooperativelysupported by theU.S. Departmentof Commerce,NOAA Officeof SeaGrant and Extramural Programs, undergrant number NA90AA-D-SG066, project numbers A/75-01; and by the University of Alaska with funds appropriatedby the state. Coverdesign and graphics are by SusanBurroughs and text formattingis by Lisa Sporleder.John Doyle and Stephen Sparrow, University of AlaskaFairbanks, helpededit two contributions.Question and answer sessions were recorded and transcribedby GeminiReporting Services. Printed on recycledpaper. SueKeller, editor of theseproceedings, has edited numerous publications during thethree years she has worked at AlaskaSea Grant. Herexperience in science :. editinguglltde a sciencejournal and several proceedings, technical reports, annualreports, and catalogs, Her background is in biology. Membersof theorganizing committee and sponsors of theconference, Making Profits Out of Seafood Waste: Alaska's Billion Pounds of Protein, are listed in PeterMoore's Opening Remarks contribution. This information wasproduced with funds providedthrough the Saltonstall-Kennedy programadministered by theNational Marine FisheriesService under cooperative agreement NA-89-ABH-00008. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Welcome ....... Robert G. Poe Opening Remarks .. Peter J. Moore The Raven, the Blackfish, and the Future of Alaska Mel Monsen Clinging to the Food Web: The Politics and Penaltiesof Wasteand the Sea Bradford Matsen Market Overview Worldwide Protein Market Development 15 K.R. Ellis Past, Present, and Future Markets in the United States for Fish Meal, Fish Oil, and Fish Solubles 21 Thomas J. Starkey Historic and Potential Production and Utilization of Alaskan Marine By-Products 31 Michael J. Meehan, Fredric M. Husby, Carl Rosier, and Roberta L. King Intrinsic Quality and Species of North Pacific Fish 39 Jerry K. Babbitt OverlookedOpportunities: A CreativeApproach to SeafoodUtilization 45 Rae McFarland Product and Market Opportunities Animal, Poultry, and Marine Protein: A Cooperative Market Approach. 47 Frank A. Burnham World Market Opportunitiesfor Fish Meal, Fish Oil, and BoneMeal 51 Joel Cowger U.S. Demand for Fish Meal . 57 Brad Crowder Chitin and Chitosan: Crustacean Biopolymers with Potential . 61 Qyvind Skaugrudand Gordon Sargent Utilization of SelectedFish By-Productsin Iceland: Past,Present, and Future . 71 Grimur Valdimarsson The Productionof Silagefrom Wasteand Industrial Fish: The IcelandicExperience Sigurjon Arason, Gudmundur Thoroddsson, and Grimur Valdimarsson Creamy Fish Protein . 87 Yoshikazu Shoji Bio-Fish Flour . 95 Yasuzo Uchida, Haruo Hukuhara, Yoichi Shirakawa, and Yoshikazu Shoji TheAquatic Leather Industry: Opportunities for SmallManufacturers in Alaska 101 Roger V. Lewis Market Specifications Effects of ProcessParameters and Raw Material Freshnesson Fish Meal Quality 105 Bjorn Marki Specificationsfor MarineBy-Products for Aquaculture. 109 Ronald W. Hardy and Toshiro Masumoto Utilization of Marine By-Productsin Pet Foods .. 121 Tom Willard QualityFish Meal: Specittcations and Use in Aquacultureand Fur Farming 127 Nils Chr. Jensen NewProducts, Processing Possibilities, and Markets for FishOil 131 Baldur Hjaltason Regulations and Economics WhatDo I Needto Knowabout Getting a Permitto DischargeSeafood Processing Wastes in Alaska?... 143 Valerie J. Haney Exportand Foreign Investment Opportunities for AlaskanProcessors... 149 Ron Miller Economicsof FishBy-Product Utilization for SmallProcessors in Alaska . 151 Erik Hansen ProductDevelopment and Research An IntegratedApproach to Recoveryand Utilization of Louisiana Crawfish Processing Wastes. 161 S.P.Meyers, H.M. Chen,H.K. No,and K.S. Lee ProductRecovery from Surimi WashWater . 173 Leo D. Pedersen StructureFormation during Productionof Food Analogs.. 177 Ye.V. Yakush and L.N. Rol CompostingSeafood Processing By-products: Solutions for the90s 183 William F. Brinton Use of Marine By-Productson Agricultural Crops . 187 Bruce Wyatt and Glenn McGourty SeafoodFlavorants Produced by EnzymaticHydrolysis . 197 Thaddee In HydrolysisandFermentation ofFishery By-Products: Costs and Benefits ofSome Processing Variables . 203 SusanH. Goldhor,Robert A. Curren,Oddvar Solstad, Robert E. Levin, and David Nichols BiologicalFish Meal: Bio-Proteus' Approach to Fish-WasteUtilization 209 EnriqueV. Bertullo,John F. Bingaman,and Donald G. Snyder A Systemto RecoverUnderutilized Portions of Groundfish 215 David M. Wells By-Productsand the Future Future of the Resource in Alaska's Offshore Waters 219 Brian Bigler Trends for the Future 225 John S. Kilpatrick Closing Remarks 231 Peter J. Moore Participants 233 International By-Products Conference April I 990,Anchorage, Alaska WELCOME Robert G. Poe Governor's Office of International Trade Anchorage, Alaska I appreciatethe opportunityto speakwith you Express,to UPS,and to Flying Tigers. Now we have today. GovernorCowper was not ableto be with you FederalExpress's world cargo hub. UPShas an impor- because he needs to be in Juneau with only 12 days left tant applicationin for a new Japaneseroute, and is in this legislativesession. The Governorhas taken a alreadyserving Seoul and Hong Kong through Anchor- strongposition on internationaltrade, and on sup- age. FederalExpress bought Flying Tigers, so the portingthe kind of developmentwe' re talking about impactof FlyingTigers in theairport is muchstronger today. today.We believe this will continue,and we could see Since 1986, the dollar value of exports from muchmore export of value-addedproducts as a result. Alaska has doubled. In terms of fish exports, in 1989 the Havingthose boxes get off theairplane also means that value amounted to 1.096 billion dollars. That number Alaskans and businessesfrom all around the country can doestry to accountfor someof the seafoodleaving takeadvantage of cargomoving through the port just as throughother ports. So some of theAlaska seafood that HongKong, New York, Chicago, and San Francisco did leavesthrough Seattle is includedin thatnumber. Al- in their history as ports. most all of this went to Asia. Alaska is one of two states In timber, Chugach Alaska has recently built a in the nation that has a positive balanceof trade with largekiln-dried lumber mill in Seward,Alaska. And Japan.The important thing about this number is thatthe right now a Koreanfirm is lookingvery seriouslyat values increasedat a disproportionatelevel to the in- usingthe chipsthat wouldbe producedfrom rejected crease in volume. That shows an increase in value of the logs from that mill to producemedium-density fiber product.The Japanese ycn did increasein its strength, board for musical instruments. Those are value-added but not as much as the value increase. products.In thepast, Alaska cut down the logs and sent New markets are opening up before our very eyes, themto Japanso that somebody else could cut them into especiallyin Taiwanand Korea. This year you' ll seea lumber, or make them into particle board, or pulp. big drop in the import restrictions in Korea over Today, we' re starting to do that ourselves. salmon,fresh cod, and other kinds of seafoodproducts. I'm not an expert on fish, but I understanda large All thesepoint to increasedvalue activities. And that is amountof proteinis goingright over the side down into what this conferenceis really all about. Exporting the fishing grounds. In somecases, I supposeit feeds value-addedproducts is good for Alaskans. It means other fish. In other cases, it's an overload, and the more Alaskanswork; they help producethese products. systemprobably can't handle it. I thinkthe opportunity Most of the moneystays in our state,which strengthens to look at value-addedproducts, and to look at the ourability to competeon theworld market. But value- benefitsof usingour resourcesthrough a value-added addedproducts can be found in somepretty unlikely processmeans more dollars, more profits for your places. We shouldopen up our minds during this companies, and less waste. conferenceand take a close look at possibilities for The opportunities for value-addedproducts are value-added products. staring you right in the face. You really need to open In 1987 the AnchorageInternational Airport was yourminds to thinkwhy not? Why couldn't that be an alreadyone of the two busiestcargo airports in the opportunity? I suggestthat as you hearthe various world in terms of landedweight. The