कᴂ द्रीय भूमि जल बो셍ड जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग, जल शक्ति मंत्रालय भारि सरकार Central Ground Water Board Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES BANASKANTHA DISTRICT, GUJARAT पक्चिमी म鵍य क्षेत्र, गुजराि West Central Region, Gujarat !vLC9w a!t !b5 a!b!D9a9b t[!b .!b!Y!bI! 5LwL/ DW!w! !9 CONTRIBUTORS’ PAGE Name Designation Principal Authors Dr. A. K. Jain : Scientist-D Data gap analysis Shri B. K. Gupta : Scientist-D Shri Alok Sinha Asstt. Hydrogeologist Supervision Shri D. P. Pati : Regional Director !vLC9w a!t !b5 a!b!D9a9b t[!b .!b!Y!bI! 5LwL/ DW!w! !9 Contents Page 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose and scope 1 1.2 Location and Aerial Extent 2 1.3 ! ! t 2 1.4 t 5 2 P 5 9 2.1 Physoigraphy Division 9 2.2 Drainage 12 3 Soil, Land Use, Agriculture, Irrigation and Surface Water Resources 13 3.1 Soil 13 3.2 Land Use 13 3.3 Agriculture 14 3.4 Irrigation 18 3.5 Surface Water Resources 18 4 Hydrometeorology 19 4.1 Climate 19 4.2 Rainfall 20 4.3 Draught Analysis 21 5 Geology 30 5.1 Proterozoic 33 5.2 Tertiary 34 5.3 Quaternary 34 6 Sub-surface geology: Dater interpretation, integration and aquifer mapping 36 6.1 Data integration 36 6.2 / ! 5 5 5 37 6.2.1 5 ! " # 39 6.2.2 5 / 40 6.3 D " # " " 45 6.4 ! # ! / # " 46 7 Hydrogeology 48 7.1 h D 48 7.1.1 D &I ( 48 7.1.2 D & ( 51 7.2 D w " 52 7.2.1 * ! 53 +,,-,- 5 # 53 +,,-, . / " 56 7.2.2 / ! 56 +,,,- 0 / 57 +,,, ! / 57 +,,,,- 5 # 58 +,,,, Piezometric surface of groundwater 59 configuration (in m MSL) : 7.3 1" / . 1 / 2 w 60 8 D . 3 63 8.1 I # 63 4,-,- 3 63 4,-, 3 / ! 64 8.2 I w 65 ! # 0 # D 65 ! # # " " 66 ! # " 66 9 D w 67 10 Groundwater related issues 70 10.1 Declines of water level 70 10.1.1 I 70 10.1.2 D / 71 10.2 Groundwater Quality 77 10.2.1 ! # 0 # D 77 10.2.2 ! # # " " 77 10.2.3 ! # " 77 11 Management Strategies 79 11.1 t . ! t " w # " 80 11.1.1 w # " . # 82 11.2 Management plan 82 11.2.1 Supply side intervention 83 11.2.1.1 Artificial recharge to groundwater and conservation 83 plan 11.2.1.1.1 Identification of recharge area 83 11.2.1.1.2 Subsurface storage space and water 84 requirement 11.2.1.2 t w # " w 89 11.2.1.3 0 92 11.2.1.4 w # " 97 11.2.2 5 100 --,,,- Micro irrigation by Drip method 101 11.2.3 ! " " # 105 . w 6 " 11.2.4 Expected Benefits or outcome of the interventions in Fresh water 112 quality area 12 Conclusions and recommendations 117 List of tables 1.1 Area details of new talukas Lakhani and Suigam. 3 1.2 Taluka Wise Population, Population Density and area in Km 2 As Per Census – 4 2011( Ankadiya Rooprekha 2014-15) 1.3 Status of Hydrogeological Surveys 5 1.4 Status of Groundwater Exploration 6 3.1 Land use classification of the Banaskantha district 16 3.2 Agriculture-Area under different crops. 17 3.3 Area irrigated by different sources (00 hectares) 18 3.4 Medium and Major Irrigation Schemes (000Hectares) 18 4.1 Climatological data of Deesa IMD station (1951-1980) 19 4.2a Rainfall, departure, cumulative departure and type of draught of rain gauge 22 station Amirgadh and Bapla. 4.2b Rainfall, departure, cumulative departure and type of draught of rain gauge 23 station Deodar and Mausari. 4.2c Rainfall, departure, cumulative departure and type of draught of rain gauge 24 station Panthawada and Tharad. 4.3 Drought frequency analysis of rain gauge stations Amirgadh, Bapla, 28 Deodar, Mausari, Panthawada and Tharad (1980 to 2016). 5.1 Geological succession of Banaskantha district. 30 6.1 Data integration 36 6.2 Aquifer disposition 45 7.1 Distributions of Monitoring Stations in Banaskantha District 53 7.2 Percentage area covered by depth to water level in different season of 55 monsoon year 2016 7.3 Long Term Pre-monsoon Water Level Trends (2001 -2010) 61 9.1 Taluka Wise Ground Water Resources, Availability, Utilization and 68 Stage of Ground Water Development year 2017 9.2 Categorization of talukas for Ground Water Development (2017) 69 10.1 Groundwater trends in m/year at monitoring stations in North Gujarat 70 11.1 Artificial Structures considered for ground water estimation 2009 in 80 Banaskantha district, Gujarat State 11.2 Taluka wise of recharge structures proposed in Master plan 2011 to utilised 81 219.04 MCM balance source. 11.3 Status of recharge structures as on 2018 in Banaskantha district (source 82 Groundwater Resource Estimation 2017 Gujarat State 11.4 Computation of suitable recharge area in sq. Km 87 11.5 Computation of volume of unsaturated zone in MCM 88 11.6 Volume of water required for recharge in MCM 89 11.7 Creation of Recharge and conservation of Rainwater through Village pond 90 (Area > 2 Hectare) 11.8 Conservation of Rainwater through Farm ponds in Fresh water quality area 94 11.9 Conservation of Rainwater through Farm ponds in Saline water quality area 95 11.10 Taluka wise details of Estimate of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting in the 98 Banaskantha district, Gujarat State 11.11 Area irrigated by different sources and their percentage 101 11.12 Water requirement of different crops in the Banaskantha district 102 11.13 Saving of water by adopting Micro- Irrigation practices in Banaskantha 104 district. 11.14 Recharge from seepage of Sujlam Suflam canal passing in Banaskantha 107 district 11.15 Aquifer disposition of well falling along the Sujlam Suflam 110 11.16 Projected Status of Groundwater Resource & Utilization on Recharge 114 Interventions 11.17 Non-committed volume of surface water required for safe development of 116 over exploited talukas List of Figures 1.1 Administrative division Banaskantha district, Gujarat. 2 2.1 Physiographic division of Banaskantha district 10 2.2 3D map of Banaskantha district. 10 4.1 Climatological Parameters of Deesa Observatory 20 4.2 Isohyetal map year 2016, District Banaskantha 21 4.3a Rainfall, departure and cumulative departure Amirgadh and Bapla stations 25 4.3b Rainfall, departure and cumulative departure Deodr and Mausari stations 26 4.3c Fig.4.3c Rainfall, departure and cumulative departure Panthawada and Tharad 27 stations 5.1 Geology of the Banaskantha district 32 6.1 Section line presenting electrical logs profile. 36 6.2 Hydrogeologic map with section lines and Legend of the cross sections. 38 6.3 3D Stratigraphic model of the Banaskantha ditrict 39 6.4 2D cross section along section line A-A’ and B-B’ in NS direction of District. 40 6.5 2D cross section along section line C-C’ and D-D’ in NS direction of District. 41 6.6 2D cross section along section line E-E’in NS and F-F’ in EW direction of 42 District. 6.7 2D cross section along section line G-G’ and H-H’in EW direction of District. 43 6.8 2D cross section along section line I-I’ and J-J’in EW direction of District. 44 6.9 Alluvial out wash slope -Common recharge belt 47 7.1 Hydrogeology and Groundwater 49 7.2 Schematic Section showing dual aquifer system Concept 52 7.3 Depth to water level in m bgl for the period of pre-monsoon 2016 54 7.4 Depth to water level in m bgl for the period of post-monsoon 2016 55 7.5 Water table in m above mean sea level of phreatic aquifer 56 7.6 7.6 Depth to piezometric surface below ground level of confine Aquifer – II, 59 year 2017-18 7.7 Piezometric surface of water in m mean sea level (msl) of Confined aquifer-II 60 8.1 Iso TDS of the groundwater in the unconfined aquifer year 2016 63 8.2 Concentration of Fluoride in unconfined aquifer in Banaskantha District 64 8.3 Iso-Electrical conductivity of groundwater in Confined aquifer-II in 65 Banaskantha district 8.4 Spatial Variation in Ground Water Quality in Banaskantha District 66 9 Categorization of Taluks for Ground Water Resource Development year 2017 67 10.1 Map showing locations of selected Hydrograph stations 72 10.2 Hydrograph of station Bhabhar Pz _III and Biyok Pz-II 73 10.3 Hydrograph of station Dhanera Pz-I and Lakhani Pz-I 74 10.4 Hydrograph of station Miyal Pz-I and Palanpur-Pz 75 10.5 Hydrograph of station Rah Pz-I and Vav Pz-I 76 10.6 Spatial Variation in Ground Water Quality in Banaskantha District 78 11.1 Post- monsoon decadal average depth to water level 84 11.2 Pre-monsoon decadal water level trends 85 11.3 Quality of the ground water of phreatic aquifer in Banaskantha district. 85 11.4 Suitable recharge area 86 11.5 Thematic diagram of Farm pond 92 11.6 Percentage of area irrigated by canal, tank, open well and bore well 101 11.7 Sujlam Suflam Recharge Canal & Narmada canal and its command in 108 Banaskantha district 11.8 Aquifer disposition along Sujlam Suflam Canal. 109 11.9 Village ponds Narmada Canal and Sujlam Suflam Canal 111 11.10 Projected Improvement in the Status of Groundwater Resource & Utilization 113 Annexure 1 Details of well-constructed through outsourcing 7 7 !1)&%2 -!00).' !.$ -!.!'%-%.4 0,!.