Table of contents Industrial Water Technology Markets 2015 Publication information ii Executive summary iii Global spending on water and wastewater treatment technologies for industry, 2015 iii Global spending on water and wastewater treatment by technology, 2013–2020 iv General drivers iv Industries v Global spending on water and wastewater treatment technologies by industry, 2013–2020 v 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Industrial water use 1 Figure 1.1 Water withdrawal and consumption by major industries, 2012 1 1.2 The market for industrial water and wastewater treatment 2 Figure 1.2 Icon key: industries 2 Figure 1.3 Global expenditure on water and wastewater treatment by industry, 2013–2020 3 Figure 1.4 Icon key: functions 3 Figure 1.5 Global expenditure on water and wastewater treatment by technology function, 2013–2020 4 Figure 1.6 Icon key: challenges 5 Figure 1.7 Icon key: applications 5 Figure 1.8 Water and wastewater treatment functions by industry and application 6 Figure 1.9 Global expenditure on water treatment technologies by application, 2013–2020 7 1.2.1 Forecast methodology 7 Figure 1.10 Global spending on water and wastewater treatment technologies in industry, 2015 8 Figure 1.11 Global spending on water and wastewater treatment in the industrial water market, 2015 9 Figure 1.12 Global market forecast data, 2013–2020 10 1.3 Characteristics of the industrial market 12 Figure 1.13 Selected investments in water treatment technologies, 2014 13 2. Upstream oil & gas 15 2.1 Top water treatment challenges 15 2.2 Water treatment needs 15 2.2.1 Shale gas/tight oil produced water treatment 16 2.2.1.1 Contaminants to be treated 16 Figure 2.1 Produced water treatment in the shale gas/tight oil industry 16 2.2.1.2 Drivers for new treatment technologies 17 2.2.2 Conventional onshore produced water management 17 2.2.2.1 Contaminants to be treated 17 Figure 2.2 Produced water treatment in the conventional oil and gas industry 17 2.2.2.2 Drivers for new treatment technologies 17 2.2.3 Offshore produced water management 18 2.2.3.1 Contaminants to be treated 18 Figure 2.3 Produced water treatment train for offshore oil and gas operations 18 2.2.3.2 Drivers for new treatment technologies 18 2.2.4 Reuse of produced water for steam (thermal) EOR 18 2.2.4.1 Contaminants to be treated 18 Figure 2.4 Treatment of produced water for reuse in SAGD operations 19 2.2.4.2 Gaps in technologies 19 2.2.4.3 Drivers for new treatment technologies 19 2.2.5 Coalbed methane produced water treatment 20 2.2.5.1 Contaminants to be treated 20 Figure 2.5 Treatment technologies for CBM produced water 20 2.2.5.2 Gaps in technologies 20 2.2.5.3 Drivers for new treatment technologies 21 2.2.6 Technologies for sulphate removal and low salinity water 21 2.2.6.1 Contaminants to be treated 21 Figure 2.6 Sulphate removal treatment trains 21 © GWI no copying without permission. Contact [email protected] vii Industrial Water Technology Markets 2015 2.2.6.2 Drivers for new treatment technologies 22 2.3 What do end users want from the water sector? 22 2.4 Market dynamics 23 Figure 2.7 Key players in the upstream oil and gas market for water treatment 23 2.4.1 System integrators 23 2.4.2 Emerging solutions 26 Figure 2.8 Emerging technologies in the upstream oil and gas industry 26 2.5 Market forecast 28 Figure 2.9 Capital expenditure on water and wastewater treatment in upstream oil and gas, 2013–2020 28 Figure 2.10 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by technology, 2013–2020 29 Figure 2.11 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by region, 2013–2020 29 2.5.1 Market drivers and restraints 30 2.5.1.1 Drivers 30 2.5.1.2 Restraints 30 Figure 2.12 Water treatment market forces in the upstream oil and gas industry 31 Figure 2.13 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment in upstream oil and gas, 2015 32 Figure 2.14 Market forecast data, 2013–2020 33 3. Refining 34 3.1 Top water treatment challenges 34 3.2 Water treatment needs 34 3.2.1 Process water 34 Figure 3.1 Water quality requirements for refinery process water streams 35 Figure 3.2 Typical process water treatment train 35 3.2.1.1 Cooling tower make-up 36 3.2.1.2 Boiler feedwater 36 3.2.1.3 Water for hydrocarbon processing 36 3.2.1.4 Drivers for new treatment technologies 36 3.2.2 Wastewater 36 3.2.2.1 Contaminants to be treated 37 3.2.2.2 Main technologies 37 Figure 3.3 Typical treatment train for wastewater treatment 37 3.2.2.3 Drivers for new treatment technologies 38 3.3 Market dynamics 39 Figure 3.4 Key players in the refining market for water treatment 39 3.3.1 System integrators 40 3.3.2 Emerging solutions 42 Figure 3.5 Emerging solutions in refinery water treatment 43 3.4 Market forecast 44 Figure 3.6 Capital expenditure on water and wastewater treatment in refining, 2013–2020 44 Figure 3.7 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by technology, 2013–2020 45 Figure 3.8 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by region, 2013–2020 45 3.4.1 Market drivers and restraints 46 Figure 3.9 Water treatment market forces in the refining industry 46 Figure 3.10 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment in refining, 2015 47 Figure 3.11 Market forecast data, 2013–2020 48 4. Mining 49 4.1 Top water treatment challenges 49 4.2 Water treatment needs 49 4.2.1 Water at the mine face 49 4.2.1.1 Main treatment technologies 50 4.2.1.2 Drivers for new treatment technologies 50 4.2.2 Process water 50 Figure 4.1 Treatment train for process water 50 4.2.2.1 Drivers for new treatment technologies 51 4.2.3 Tailings water treatment 51 4.2.3.1 Contaminants to be treated 51 Figure 4.2 Typical treatment of waste streams in mining 52 4.2.3.2 Main technologies 52 viii © GWI no copying without permission. Contact [email protected] Table of contents Sulphates 52 Cyanide 53 Selenium 53 Mercury 54 Salts 54 4.2.3.3 Drivers for new treatment technologies 54 4.3 What do end users want from the water sector? 54 4.4 Market dynamics 55 Figure 4.3 Key players in the mining market for water treatment 55 4.4.1 System integrators 56 4.4.1.1 General water treatment suppliers 56 4.4.1.2 Desalination specialists 57 4.4.2 Emerging solutions 58 Figure 4.4 Electrochemical technologies 58 Figure 4.5 Electrochlorination 58 Figure 4.6 Nanofiltration for sulphate removal 58 Figure 4.7 Metal recovery 59 Figure 4.8 Eutectic freeze crystallisation 59 4.5 Market forecast 60 Figure 4.9 Capital expenditure on water and wastewater treatment in mining, 2013–2020 60 Figure 4.10 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by technology, 2013–2020 61 Figure 4.11 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by region, 2013–2020 61 4.5.1 Market drivers and restraints 62 4.5.1.1 Drivers 62 4.5.1.2 Restraints 62 Figure 4.12 Water treatment market forces in the mining industry 62 Figure 4.13 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment in mining, 2015 63 Figure 4.14 Market forecast data, 2013–2020 64 5. Power generation 65 5.1 Top water treatment challenges 65 5.2 Water treatment needs 65 5.2.1 Boiler feedwater 65 Figure 5.1 Treatment train for boiler feedwater 65 5.2.2 Cooling tower 65 Figure 5.2 Water treatment processes in a recirculating cooling system 66 5.2.3 FGD wastewater 67 Figure 5.3 Physical-chemical treatment train for FGD wastewater 67 5.3 Market dynamics 68 Figure 5.4 Key players in the power generation market for water treatment 68 5.3.1 System integrators 68 5.3.2 Emerging solutions in power water treatment 71 Figure 5.5 Emerging technologies in power water treatment 71 5.4 Market forecast 72 Figure 5.6 Capital expenditure on water and wastewater treatment in power generation, 2013–2020 72 Figure 5.7 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by technology, 2013–2020 73 Figure 5.8 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by region, 2013–2020 73 5.4.1 Market drivers and restraints 74 5.4.1.1 Drivers 74 5.4.1.2 Restraints 74 Figure 5.9 Water treatment market forces in the power generation industry 74 Figure 5.10 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment in power, 2015 75 Figure 5.11 Market forecast data, 2013–2020 76 6. Food & beverage 77 6.1 Top water treatment challenges 77 6.2 Water treatment needs 77 6.2.1 Process water 77 Figure 6.1 Process water production in the food and beverage industry 77 6.2.1.1 Contaminants to be treated 78 © GWI no copying without permission. Contact [email protected] ix Industrial Water Technology Markets 2015 6.2.1.2 Main technologies 78 6.2.1.3 Gaps in technologies 78 6.2.1.4 Drivers for new treatment technologies 78 6.2.2 Wastewater treatment 79 Figure 6.2 Wastewater treatment process in the food and beverage industry 79 6.2.2.1 Contaminants to be treated 79 6.2.2.2 Main technologies 80 6.2.2.3 Gaps in technologies 80 6.2.2.4 Drivers for new technologies 81 6.3 Market dynamics 81 Figure 6.3 Key players in the food and beverage market for water treatment 81 6.3.1 System integrators 82 6.3.1.1 Water treatment specialists 82 6.3.1.2 General engineering companies for food and beverage production 83 6.3.2 Emerging solutions 84 Figure 6.4 Emerging technologies in the food and beverage industry 84 6.4 Market forecast 86 Figure 6.5 Capital expenditure on water and wastewater treatment in food and beverage, 2013–2020 86 Figure 6.6 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by technology, 2013–2020 87 Figure 6.7 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment by region, 2013–2020 87 6.4.1 Market drivers and restraints 88 6.4.1.1 Drivers 88 6.4.1.2 Restraints 88 Figure 6.8 Water treatment market forces in the food and beverage industry 89 Figure 6.9 Total spending on water and wastewater treatment in food and beverage, 2015 90 Figure 6.10 Market forecast data, 2013–2020 91 7.