Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-57219-4 - The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society Rita P. Wright Index More information Index Aachen Research Project Mohenjo- River systems and daro 14 , 114 , 235 productivity 26 , 166–7 Afghanistan See Dholavira , Harappa , Mehrgarh , See BMAC Mohenjo-daro and other sites See Shortugai , Mundigak , Said See River regimes systems Qala sites Agropastoral and Craft-Producing Agriculture Economies 19 , 146 , Archaeological indicators 168 147– 48 , 166 , 179–81 , 212–14 , Diversifi cation, specialization, 326–30 and organization of Diversifi cation and organization production 102 , 148 , of production, interregional 203–07 , 326–327 exchange and long-distance Arboriculture 170 , 204 , 205–06 trade 145 , 180–81 Centralized or community Intensifi cation and organization 206 specialization 145–78 , Cotton production 205 176 –78 Crop processing 89 , 177 , 205 , See Agriculture , Pastoralism , Craft 206 , 321–22 , 326–27, 341 production Land and labor 168 , 203 , See Regional settlements and 204–07 surveys Multi-cropping 168–70 , 203 , 204 Allahadino site 175 , 192 , 257 , 259 , Plough agriculture 146 , 172 , 342 204 , 206, 327 Al-Maysar site 227 Domestication of plants and Altyn Depe site 228 , 229 natural distribution Amri phase zones 45–51 , 65 , 72 , 170 , 231 See Chronology , Pre-urban Period Full-time/part-time, independent Amri pottery and attached producers 147 See Pottery types , Amri Intensifi cation and Amri site 79–80 , 99–100 , 320 , 340 specialization 166–70 Analogies Interregional exchange of plants Cross-cultural 275 , 308 and secondary product Direct historical 274– 282 diversity, organization Aratta 217 of 174 –76 , 210–12 Archaeobotany 47 Regional diversity 169–70 Archaeoclimate modeling 40–1 385 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-57219-4 - The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society Rita P. Wright Index More information 386 Index Archaeological Survey of India 2 , See Lahoma , Lal Tibba , Vainiwal , 317 Chak 76/15L , Chak Purbane Architecture Syal site See Mehrgarh , Mohenjo-daro , Bitumen 228 Harappa , Dholavira and other BMAC 229–30 , 314 , 323 sites Post-urban 320 Aryan invasions 313–314 See Trade , Organization of long- See Mohenjo-daro , Burials distance , Overland trade and See Human skeletal analysis routes Axis of Relative Value See Shortugai , Sibri , Gilund , See Craft production Mohenjo-daro , and Harappa sites Bactrian Margiana Archaeological See Trade , Diplomacy travel and Complex conquest , An interconnected See BMAC third millennium world Bagh Thali site Bone artifacts 86 See Regional settlements and Burials 262–71 , 315–16 surveys , Beas Upper Indus See Chronology , Post-urban period near Harappa See Human skeletal analysis Balakot site 101 , 141 , 158 , 175 , 192 , Burnes, A. 6 199 , 211 , 334 , 340 Balathal site 45 , 51 , 170 , 229 , 335 Central Asia 163 Baluchistan 9 See BMAC Bolan Pass 64 , 75 See Altyn Depe , Namazga Kacchi Plain 46 , 133 , 228 , 340 See Trade , Diplomacy , travel and Kej Valley 225 conquest , An interconnected Kalat 75 third millennium world Las Bela 101 –102 Chak Purbane Syal site Loralai 64 , 75 , 344 See Regional settlements and Mula pass 64 surveys , Beas Upper Indus Quetta 80 , 340 near Harappa Zhob 64 , 75 , 344 Chak 76/15L site 316 Beyond Indus and Ghaggar- See Regional settlements and Hakra plains in Pre-urban surveys , Beas Upper Indus Period 100–02 near Harappa Settlement expansion in Pre-urban Chandigarh site 262 Period 79–80 Chanhu-daro site 164–65 , 184–85 , See Kulli culture , Damb Sadaat , 195 , 232 , 257 , 259 , 320, 343 Pathani Damb , Balakot sites Chronology 22 , 339 See Bitumen Early Food Producing Period 22 , See Collapse , Transitions and 84–85 Transformations Mehrgarh 52 , 53 , 54 , 84 Bampur site 230 Pre-urban Period 23 , 84–85 , 231 Banawali site 95 , 133–34 , 195 , 204 Amri phase 85 , 99–100 , Bangladesh 11 Early Harappan 87–91 Beas settlement survey Hakra phase 85 , 98–99 See Regional settlements and Kot Diji phase 85 , 87–91 , surveys 98–99 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-57219-4 - The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society Rita P. Wright Index More information Index 387 Ravi phase 85 Painted Gray Ware (PGW) 318 Sothi-Siswal phase 85 Post-urban Ghaggar-Hakra Post-urban/Late Harappan (Cholistan and Northwest Period 23 , 310 India) 321 Cemetery H at Harappa 310 Post-urban/Late Harappan Kutch, Ghaggar-Hakra 317–18 Gujarat 318–19 Jhukar 310 , 320 Sorath Harappan 323–24 Late Harappan and PGW (NW See Chanhu-daro , Amri , and India and Cholistan) 310 , 324 Mohenjo-daro sites Late Harappan (Sorath See Chronology , Post-urban/Late Harappan) 310, 318–19 Harappan Period , Jhukar Painted gray ware 310 , 324 See Environmental change Sorath Harappan 310 See Harappa site , Cemetery H in Urban Period 23 Post-urban/Late Harappan Cities 16 See Harappa , Agriculture Central Place Theory 137 Multicropping and crop- Uniformity and diversity of social processing strategies groups 19 See Indus civilization , Basic Spatial models and city character planners 138 See Mohenjo-daro site , Massacres See Indus cities and invasions See Regional settlements and See River regimes/systems , surveys Upper and Lower Indus and See States , City-states Ghaggar-Hakra City plans and physical layouts 236 , See Trade , Organization of long- 272, 328 distance , Disruptions of See Indus cities , Uniformity and Community Identity diversity in Urban Period See Indus cities See Dholavira , Harappa , and See Landscapes Mohenjo-daro sites See Mohenjo-daro , Dholavira , and Civilizations Harappa sites Perspectives on 16 Comparative Studies of See Collapse of civilizations civilizations 18 , 282–284, See Comparative studies of 325–38 , 343 civilizations Religion 283 See Indus civilization Craft Production 133 Climate change Axes of Relative Value 201–03 , See Environmental and 248–51, 328, 341–2 geographical factors Ceramic/pottery See Environmental change production 131 , 148–149 , Collapse of civilizations 308–11 , 153–58 , 187–88, 339–40 320–25 Family operated craft 187–88 Causes of general nature 312–14 Kilns 154–58 , 187 Causes of local nature 315–20 Craft workshops 232 Transition and transformation Diversifi cation, specialization 315 and organization of Afghanistan, Baluchistan at west production 86–89 , 148 , and southern margins 320 182–89 , 201–03 , 233 , 327–8 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-57219-4 - The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society Rita P. Wright Index More information 388 Index Craft Production (Cont. ) Shell working techniques 199 Elaborated crafts diminished in Trader, merchants, Post-urban 323 craftpersons 231 Formalized, “guild-like” or state See Harappa , Craft production administered 189 , 327 See Paste technologies Full-time/part-time, independent See Pottery types , Black storage jars and attached producers 147 See specifi c sites , especially Intensifi cation and specialization Dholavira and rural 148–66 settlements Inter-regional exchange and See Technological styles resources, the organization See Trade , Raw materials and of 147 , 189–201 fi nished products Raw materials and products Cunningham, Alexander 7 Carnelian, chalcedony, agate and jasper 151 , 194–95 , 221 , 231 Damb Sadaat site 64 Chert 189–92 , 231 , 341 Dholavira site 14 , 107–10 , 198 , 212 , Control of production and 225 use 192, 327 Architecture 195–96 Segregation of production at Bead production 195 Rohri sites 190–92 Castle and bailey 119 , 330 Weights 192 , 228 , 327–328 City plan 241 Lapis Lazuli 193–94 , 221 , 231 Civic breakdown 323 Source areas 193–94 Pastoralism and environmental Limestone 195–96 diversity 173 Ringstones, columns, drain Post-urban erosion of covers, column bases, architecture 318 calendar stones and Public works and water statuary 195–96 , 256–57 storage 124 , 167–68 , 173 Metals, Copper, gold, lead, silver Sedentary pastoralists 174 and tin objects and source Signboard at 187 areas 196–98 , 221 , 226, 342 Statuary 256 Shell 199–200 , 231 Upper and lower town 115–19 , 296 Objects and source Walls 124–25 areas 198–200 See Indus cities , Community Steatite 150 , 200–01 identity , and social order Record keeping devices 182 , 184 See Landscapes , Community Seal production 160–66 , 183–87 , identity and landscape visions , 327 and social order Stoneware production 158–60 , Dilmun 215–17 , 314 188 , 340 See Trade , Organization of long- Nonhousehold production 189 distance Technical Skills 152–166 Diversifi cation Metal working See Agrarian and craft-producing techniques 196–98 economies Paste technologies 200 See Craft production Pyrotechnological See Agriculture techniques 149–52 See Pastoralism Reductive technologies 149–52 Dubi Sites 98 , 134–36 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-57219-4 - The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society Rita P. Wright Index More information Index 389 See Shah Abdul Latif University Hakra , and Ganges- Survey Yamuna See Regional settlements and surveys , Lower Indus Faience See Paste technologies Early Harappan Phase Figurines 285–288, 303 See Chronology , Pre-urban Period Anthropomorphic 285–8 Egypt 1 , 185 , 276 , 305, 324 At Mehrgarh 62–63 Elam 217 Contexts of recovery 287 Emerging polities 80–1 Cosmology and ritual 287 And generalized patterns 81 Fertility and mother/nature Environmental