Tilapia production and trade with a focus on India WAPI factsheet to facilitate evidence-based policy- making and sector management in aquaculture May 2020 Preparation of this factsheet This factsheet provides data and information to facilitate the assessment of the growth potential of tilapia farming in India. Analyses in the factsheet are based on official data and statistics published by FAO, UN Comtrade and other international or national organizations. The data and statistics, which were the most updated at the time when the factsheet was prepared, may differ from data and statistics used in other WAPI factsheets because of different data sources or different versions of the same dataset. They may not be consistent with data and statistics from other sources. The term “country” used in this factsheet includes non-sovereign territory. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The factsheet follows the grouping of Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) adopted by the UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Development countries and Small Island Developing States (UN- OHRLLS): http://unohrlls.org/about-sids/country-profiles/. Unless noted otherwise, country grouping in this factsheet follows the United Nations M49 standard; under which India is a country in Asia and the sub-region of Southern Asia. The preparation of the factsheet has benefited from tables and charts generated by various World Aquaculture Performance Indicator (WAPI) modules. Most of these data analysis tools are for FAO internal use, yet some of them are available for test use. Visit the WAPI webpage for more information about WAPI information and knowledge products. The factsheet was prepared by Junning Cai and Giulia Galli. Valuable comments and suggestions provided by Randall Brummett, Victoria Chomo, Weimin Miao, Tipparat Pongthanapanich, Martinus Van der Knaap and Weiwei Wang are acknowledged. The validity and relevance of the results depend on the quality (in terms of timeliness and accuracy) of the underlying data and statistics used in the analyses. Errors could also occur in the analyses despite our efforts to minimize them. Simple text are provided to help users understand the tables and charts. Users may use the original data sources to verify the results. We welcome your feedback to help us improve the factsheet. Contact: Junning Cai (FAO Aquaculture Officer); [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Contents 1. Tilapia production 1.1 Wild and farmed tilapia production 1.2 Farmed tilapia production 1.2.1 Tilapia aquaculture production by region 1.2.2 Tilapia aquaculture production by countries/territories 2. Aquaculture production in India 3. International markets of tilapia products 3.1 Data and methodology 3.2 World tilapia market 3.3 Regional tilapia markets 3.4 Countries and trade unions 3.5 India’s export of tilapia products 3 1. Tilapia production 1.1 Wild and farmed tilapia production Global wild and farmed tilapia production increased nearly 100 times from 69 710 tonnes in 1950 to 6 882 202 tonnes in 2018 with the main contribution coming from tilapia aquaculture. Status and trend of world tilapia production, 1950-2018 2018, 6 882 202 7 000 000 6 000 000 5 000 000 2010, 4 267 806 4 000 000 tonnes 3 000 000 2000, 1 870 000 2 000 000 1990, 875 911 1960, 142 832 1970, 290 415 1980, 450 580 1 000 000 1950, 69 710 0 Capture (World) Aquaculture (World) Total (World) Data source: FAO 2020. FAO Global Fishery and Aquaculture Production Statistics (FishStatJ; March 2020; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). 6 Global tilapia aquaculture production increased from 1.19 million tonnes to 6.031 million tonnes between 2000 and 2018 with its share in the total farmed and wild tilapia production increased from 63.6 percent to 87.6 percent. Contribution of aquaculture to world tilapia production, 2000-2018 88.4 86.1 87.1 87.6 87.6 88.1 87.6 81.9 83.3 78.8 80.2 76.0 77.5 72.9 70.4 68.2 69.7 63.6 65.8 5 935 6 031 5 460 5 586 5 160 4 738 4 428 3 917 3 494 3 088 2 826 2 554 2 265 1 795 1 992 1 419 1 587 1 190 1 303 680 678 662 689 755 740 716 741 761 760 774 785 713 704 732 716 790 803 851 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Aquaculture production (thousand tonnes) Capture fisheries production (thousand tonnes) Share of aquaculture in total fishery production (%) Data source: FAO 2020. FAO Global Fishery and Aquaculture Production Statistics (FishStatJ; March 2020; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). 7 In 2018, 125 countries/territories worldwide produced 6 882 202 tonnes of farmed and wild tilapia. Asia and Africa accounted for, respectively, 63.1 percent and 26.29 percent of the total production. The largest producing countries include China (23.61 percent of the total production), Indonesia (18.76 percent) and Egypt (17.04 percent), among others. Status and trends of tilapia aquaculture and fisheries production Tilapia aquaculture and fisheries production: a global perspective Total (farmed and wild) tilapia production, 2018 60 Country/area Share of world Bubble size: population tonnes 50 total (%) World 6 882 202 100.00 production 40 Africa 1 809 088 26.29 Americas 726 171 10.55 30 LAC 719 623 10.46 Northern America 6 548 0.10 20 Asia 4 342 798 63.10 Europe 279 0.00 (%) to 2018 2000 10 Oceania 3 866 0.06 Top 10 farmed and wild tilapia producing countries/territories, 2018 `from 0 China 1 624 547 23.61 Indonesia 1 291 391 18.76 - 10 Egypt 1 172 538 17.04 - 20 Bangladesh 344 784 5.01 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 10 000 000 Brazil 339 850 4.94 fisheries tilapia aquaculture and growth of rate Annual Tilapia aquaculture and fisheries production in 2018 (tonnes) Philippines 321 077 4.67 Viet Nam 260 000 3.78 African countries Countries in the Americas Asian countries Thailand 233 941 3.40 European countries Oceania countries Mexico 190 097 2.76 Uganda 117 360 1.71 Data source: FAO 2020. FAO Global Fishery and Aquaculture Production Statistics (FishStatJ; March 2020; www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en). 8 Top 15 most populated countries, 2018 Eight of the top 10 tilapia China 1 428 1 464 producing countries were India 1 353 1 504 among the top 15 countries United States of America 327 350 with the highest population, Indonesia 268 299 2018: 2018 2030 Pakistan 212 263 Brazil 209 • China 224 196 • Indonesia Nigeria 263 Bangladesh 161 179 • Egypt Million • Bangladesh Russian Federation 146 143 • Brazil Japan 127 121 • Philippines Mexico 126 141 • Viet Nam Ethiopia 109 145 • Mexico Philippines 107 124 Egypt 98 121 Viet Nam 96 104 Data source: United Nations World Population Prospects (2019 revision). 9 1.2 Farmed tilapia production World tilapia aquaculture production grew 9.44 percent a year from 1 189 926 tonnes to 6 031 432 tonnes between 2000 and 2018. The growth was primarily contributed by Asia (68.83 percent), Africa (21.83 percent) and LAC (9.2 percent). Tilapia is a major aquaculture species group in Africa (57.02 percent of the region’s total aquaculture production in 2018); whereas it contributed to only 3.95 percent of the total aquaculture production in Asia (the largest tilapia producing region). Regional overview of tilapia aquaculture production, 2000–2018 Tilapia aquaculture production quantity Share of world tilapia production Share of each region's total Country/area Tonnes (%) aquaculture production (%) 2000 2018 +/- APR (%) 2000 2018 +/- 2000 2018 +/- World 1 189 926 6 031 432 4 841 506 9.44 100.00 100.00 0.00 2.77 5.27 2.50 Developed regions 8 665 6 827 - 1 838 - 1.32 0.73 0.11 - 0.61 0.21 0.14 - 0.08 Developing regions 1 181 261 6 024 605 4 843 344 9.47 99.27 99.89 0.61 3.03 5.50 2.47 Least developed countries 28 267 574 087 545 820 18.21 2.38 9.52 7.14 3.11 13.39 10.28 Landlocked developing countries 26 666 162 450 135 784 10.56 2.24 2.69 0.45 34.68 36.39 1.71 Small Island Developing States 7 324 6 002 - 1 322 - 1.10 0.62 0.10 - 0.52 10.29 9.39 - 0.90 Africa 176 963 1 316 409 1 139 446 11.79 14.87 21.83 6.95 39.21 57.02 17.81 Sub-Saharan Africa 19 528 264 619 245 091 15.58 1.64 4.39 2.75 18.19 36.80 18.61 Americas 100 527 561 540 461 013 10.03 8.45 9.31 0.86 6.90 14.70 7.80 Latin America and the Caribbean 92 476 554 992 462 516 10.47 7.77 9.20 1.43 10.60 17.55 6.96 Northern America 8 051 6 548 - 1 503 - 1.14 0.68 0.11 - 0.57 1.38 0.99 - 0.38 Asia 911 795 4 151 658 3 239 863 8.79 76.63 68.83 - 7.79 2.34 3.95 1.61 Europe 180 279 99 2.47 0.02 0.00 - 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 Oceania 461 1 546 1 085 6.95 0.04 0.03 - 0.01 0.33 0.70 0.37 Pacific islands 461 1 546 1 085 6.95 0.04 0.03 - 0.01 2.16 8.06 5.89 Data source: FAO 2020.