EAST LINK PROJECT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT Appendix H4 Historic and Archaeological Resources Technical Report FINAL EIS July 2011 SOUND TRANSIT EAST LINK PROJECT Appendix H4 Historic and Archaeological Resources Technical Report Prepared for: Sound Transit Prepared by: Historical Research Associates, Inc. CH2M HILL July 2011 Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ ES-1 Project Overview ................................................................................................................................................... ES-1 Archaeology ........................................................................................................................................................... ES-1 Historic Resources ................................................................................................................................................. ES-1 1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Description ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Description of Alternatives .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2.1 Segment A: Interstate 90 .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2.2 Segment B: South Bellevue .............................................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.3 Segment C: Downtown Bellevue .................................................................................................... 1-3 1.2.4 Segment D: Downtown Bellevue to Overlake Transit Center .................................................... 1-4 1.2.5 Segment E: Overlake Transit Center to Downtown Redmond .................................................. 1-5 2.0 Laws and Regulations .................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Federal Laws and Regulations ......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Washington State Laws..................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Municipal Regulations ...................................................................................................................................... 2-1 3.0 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Area of Potential Effects ................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Data Collection ................................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Archaeological Study ........................................................................................................................................ 3-2 3.3.1 Archaeological Sensitivity Models ................................................................................................. 3-2 3.3.2 Selection of Geotechnical Boring Locations for Archaeological Survey ................................... 3-3 3.3.3 Archaeological Survey ..................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.4 Inventory of Buildings and Structures............................................................................................................ 3-5 3.5 Evaluation of Register Eligibility ..................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.6 Approach to Effects Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.7 Potential Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 3-7 4.0 Agency and Tribal Consultation .................................................................................................................................. 4-1 5.0 Environmental Context .................................................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Natural Setting ................................................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Geomorphic Setting ........................................................................................................................................... 5-1 6.0 Cultural Context .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Previous Cultural Resource Management Studies........................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 Prehistory ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-1 6.2.1 Paleoindian (14,000 BC to 11,000 BC) ............................................................................................ 6-2 6.2.2 Archaic (10,500 BC to 4,400 BC) ...................................................................................................... 6-2 6.2.3 Pacific (4,400 BC to About AD 1775) .............................................................................................. 6-2 6.2.4 Project Vicinity Prehistory .............................................................................................................. 6-2 6.3 Ethnography ....................................................................................................................................................... 6-4 6.4 History ................................................................................................................................................................ 6-5 7.0 Affected Environment .................................................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Archaeological Properties ................................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.1.1 Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites ................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Results of Archaeological Sensitivity Mapping and Implications for Archaeological Resources...................................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.3 Results of Archaeological Survey ................................................................................................... 7-3 7.2 Traditional Cultural Properties ....................................................................................................................... 7-4 7.3 Historic Buildings and Structures ................................................................................................................... 7-4 7.3.1 Segment A ......................................................................................................................................... 7-7 7.3.2 Segment B ........................................................................................................................................ 7-14 East Link Project Final EIS iii Contents July 2011 Contents 7.3.3 Segment C ........................................................................................................................................ 7-18 7.3.4 Segment D ....................................................................................................................................... 7-26 7.3.5 Segment E ........................................................................................................................................ 7-27 7.3.6 Maintenance Facility Surroundings ............................................................................................. 7-29 8.0 Environmental Effects ........................................................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Archaeological Sites .................................................................................................................................. 8-2 8.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................... 8-2 8.1.2 Effects During Operation and Construction ........................................................................... 8-2 8.2 Traditional Cultural Properties ..............................................................................................................