TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 5 1 PURPOSE ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Clarifying terminology in this research ......................................................... 5 2 GOAL ................................................................................................................... 6 3 OUTLINE ............................................................................................................. 8 4 MY MOTIVATION AND POSITION AS RESEARCHER.................................. 10 5 RESEARCH METHODS ................................................................................... 10 6 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 11 6.1 Dr John Watters, 1999................................................................................ 11 6.2 Mr Steve Sheldon, 1999 ............................................................................. 13 6.3 ICON 1999 declaration ............................................................................... 13 6.4 Mr William Cameron Townsend, 1934 ....................................................... 14 6.5 SIL International and WBTI ........................................................................ 15 7 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 2 – BEGINNING OF A MOVEMENT ....................................................... 17 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 17 2 THE BEGINNING – 1914-1933 ........................................................................ 17 3 ATTEMPTS AT A NEW STRATEGY – 1934-1941 .......................................... 20 4 WYCLIFFE BIBLE TRANSLATORS IS BORN – 1942-1944 ........................... 21 5 BRANCHING OUT – 1945-1970s ..................................................................... 23 6 NATIONAL BIBLE TRANSLATION ORGANIZATIONS – 1973-1980s ........... 24 7 PREPARING FOR WYCLIFFE INTERNATIONAL – 1980s-1990 ................... 26 8 WYCLIFFE INTERNATIONAL IS RESTRUCTURED – 1991-1992 ................ 27 9 WYCLIFFE INTERNATIONAL’S ROLE IN THE WORLD – 1992-2005 .......... 28 10 FINDING WYCLIFFE’S MISSIOLOGICAL VOICE – 2006-2008 ..................... 31 11 A NEW STRUCTURE FOR A RENEWED VISION – 2008-2012 .................... 33 12 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 3 – THEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS ...................................................... 37 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 37 2 CONTEXTUALIZATION ISSUES IN BIBLE TRANSLATION .......................... 37 2.1 Theological contextualization and translation ............................................ 37 2.2 Examples of challenging Bible translation issues ...................................... 40 2.3 Effects of Bible translation on an audience’s understanding of the text ... 44 1 2.4 Models of theological contextualization ..................................................... 45 3 THE USE OF TRANSLATED SCRIPTURE ENABLES THEOLOGIZING ...... 51 3.1 Regional issues of contextualization and translation................................. 51 4 ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE VERNACULAR BIBLE ..................................... 53 4.1 How the Bible gets used ............................................................................. 53 4.2 How the Bible has affected decolonization ................................................ 55 4.3 How the Bible is read in the global South and East .................................. 56 4.4 Changes in how translations are done ...................................................... 57 4.5 A theology of language and culture ........................................................... 58 5 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER 4 – MISSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS ................................................... 61 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 61 2 MISSION ACCORDING TO JESUS ................................................................. 61 2.1 Theological influences on WGA ................................................................. 61 2.2 Five statements of Jesus ............................................................................ 63 2.3 Implications of Jesus’ statements .............................................................. 64 3 MISSION TO THE SAMARITANS AS A MOTIF .............................................. 67 3.1 How the Jews viewed the Samaritans ....................................................... 67 3.2 Jesus’ view of the Samaritans .................................................................... 67 3.3 Jesus and the marginalized........................................................................ 68 4 THE DAY OF PENTECOST ............................................................................. 69 4.1 The importance of language ...................................................................... 69 5 THE APOSTLE PAUL’S MISSION STRATEGY .............................................. 70 5.1 An entry point – the Jewish synagogue ..................................................... 70 5.2 Using the Septuagint Scriptures................................................................. 71 5.3 First contact – the Jewish Diaspora ........................................................... 71 5.4 Centres of influence .................................................................................... 72 5.5 Appointing new leaders .............................................................................. 72 5.6 Reliance on the guiding Holy Spirit ............................................................ 73 5.7 Engaging with the whole gospel................................................................. 73 6 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON BIBLE TRANSLATION IN MISSION ..... 73 6.1 The essential foundation for God’s mission ............................................... 73 6.2 Why Bible translation has been important to the church ........................... 74 6.3 Early Bible translators beyond Europe ...................................................... 80 6.4 Bible translation in the 20th and 21st century ............................................ 81 6.5 Literacy........................................................................................................ 82 2 6.6 The mandate of Bible translation continues .............................................. 82 7 INFLUENCES UPON CONTEMPORARY MISSION ....................................... 83 7.1 Shifts during the 20th century ..................................................................... 84 7.2 Influences in the 21st century ..................................................................... 85 7.3 Globalization and mission .......................................................................... 88 7.4 Influences upon the Roman Catholic Church ............................................ 90 7.5 Influences upon the World Council of Churches ....................................... 90 7.6 Influences on evangelicals ......................................................................... 93 7.7 Mission today is urgent, modest and exciting ............................................ 94 8 INFLUENCING FACTORS ON THE WYCLIFFE GLOBAL ALLIANCE .......... 94 8.3 Influences on Vision 2025 .......................................................................... 95 9 THE MISSIO DEI AND VISION 2025 ............................................................... 97 9.1 Vision 2025 and influences from the global church ................................... 98 9.2 Vision 2025 and the marginalized .............................................................. 99 9.3 Vision 2025 and mission strategy ............................................................ 100 9.4 Influences from the 21st century upon Vision 2025 ................................. 101 9.5 Globalization and Vision 2025 .................................................................. 102 9.6 Influences on Vision 2025 from various streams of the church .............. 103 10 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 104 CHAPTER 5 – LEADERSHIP FOUNDATIONS ...................................................... 106 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 106 2 THE CHANGING NATURE OF LEADERSHIP .............................................. 106 2.1 The role of leaders .................................................................................... 106 2.2 Contemporary challenges for leaders ...................................................... 108 2.3 Leadership traits ....................................................................................... 109 2.4 Leadership typology ................................................................................. 110 2.5 The use of power ...................................................................................... 113 3. LEADERSHIP IN THE CHANGING GLOBAL CONTEXT ............................