EUROPEAN UNION Sri Lanka Post-Disaster Needs Assessment May 2016 Floods and Landslides Conducted by Ministry of Disaster Management & Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs In collaboration with the European Union, World Bank and United Nations November 2016 Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 1 Sri Lanka Post Disaster Needs Assessment Floods and Landslides May 2016 ISBN 978-955-0897-03-2 Published by the Ministry of Disaster Management & Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs In collaboration with the European Union, the World Bank and the United Nations November 2016 Ministry of Disaster Management Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 07 T | +94-112-665170/+94-112-665389 F | +94-112-665098 E | [email protected] W | www.disastermin.gov.lk Photographs Credit : CHA (Consortium of Humanitarian Agencies), JICA, National Building Research Organisation (NBRO), Practical Action, UNDP Design and Printed by Garvi Design Studio 2 Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Foreword In the month of May 2016, parts of Sri Lanka were hit by the heaviest recorded rainfall in more than 18 years, which caused severe floods in 24 districts and also horrific landslides, one of which was the worst recorded in our country. The floods and landslides resulted in the loss of at least 93 lives and affected almost half a million people. The disaster damaged over 58,000 houses and caused a loss in income for over a million people dependent on agriculture, trade and industries. In the aftermath, extensive relief operations were conducted at national, provincial, district as well as divisional levels, significantly supported by the Sri Lanka Army, Navy and Air Force, civil society organisations, the private sector as well as individual contributions. As we now move on from the immediate relief phase, the subsequent recovery phase has been initiated by a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA). This PDNA used a methodology, which was developed jointly by the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union. It has been applied after many large disasters worldwide and has become a standard mechanism by the international community to assess the damages and losses of the disaster and estimate the recovery needs. The PDNA was conducted under the overall leadership of the Ministry for Disaster Management and the Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs. The line ministries undertook the assessment with the support of international and national experts from the United Nations, World Bank and the European Union. The PDNA team worked tirelessly to produce this report in a very short time frame. The process was participatory and included several rounds of consultations with all stakeholders and communities in the affected areas. Our sincere thanks are due to all who contributed to this report as well as to the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union for the overall guidance. The PDNA report covers nine sectors and four cross cutting themes and looks at the overall impact of the disaster. As a complement to the assessment of the effect and the impact of the floods and landslides this PDNA report also incorporates a recovery strategy. This strategy builds on the fact that Sri Lanka is prone to regular floods as well as on the uncertainty of global climate change and phenomena such as El Niño. Therefore, the recovery strategy proposes a long-term plan to strengthen preparedness and to reduce the risks of further disasters and extreme weather events. The overall outcome we are aiming for is a safer Sri Lanka, where the lives of the Sri Lankan people are better protected from extreme events. In order to ensure this outcome we envisage continuous and inclusive consultations with the concerned urban and rural communities, particularly vulnerable groups, throughout the recovery process. This PDNA is dedicated to the almost half a million Sri Lankans who were affected by this calamity. We look forward to working with all stakeholders in the implementation of the recovery programmes proposed in this PDNA report towards a resilient Sri Lanka. Ministry of Disaster Management Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 3 4 Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Acknowledgements The PDNA for the floods and landslides was made possible due to the collaborative efforts of the Government of Sri Lanka with its partners, the United Nations agencies, the World Bank, the European Union and other organisations. The PDNA was led and conducted by the Ministry of Disaster Management and the Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs of the Government of Sri Lanka and line ministries with support from the partners. The Secretaries of the Ministry of Disaster Management and the Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs would like to extend special acknowledgment to the following Sri Lankan authorities: Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of City Planning and Water Supply, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Development, Ministry of Health, Nutrition & Indigenous Medicine, Ministry of Highways and Higher Education, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Ministry of Plantation Industries, Ministry of Power and Energy, Ministry of Provincial Councils and Local Government, Ministry of Rural Economic Affairs, Ministry of Sustainable Development and Wildlife, Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, Ministry of Women and Children’s Affairs, Ministry of Hill Country New Villages, Infrastructure and Community Development, Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Central Environment Authority, Ceylon Electricity Board, Department of Agriculture, Department of Census and Statistics, Department of Agrarian Development, Department of Export Agriculture, Department of Meteorology, Disaster Management Centre, Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, Irrigation Department, Kolonnawa Urban Council, National Building Research Organisation, National Disaster Relief Services Centre, Natural Resources Management Center, National Water Supply and Drainage Board, Sri Lanka Army, University of Sri Jayewardenapura, Waste Management Authority-Western Province, and Ceylon Chamber of Commerce. The Secretaries of the Ministry of Disaster Management and of the Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs are grateful for technical input and support from the following partner organisations: European Union, Food and Agriculture Organisation, International Labour Organisation, Sri Lanka Red Cross Society, UN-Habitat, United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Office for Project Services, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations Volunteers, UN Women, World Bank Group, World Food Programme, World Health Organisation. Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 5 The Secretaries of the Ministry of Disaster Management and the Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs would like to express their gratitude: To the members of the PDNA team Rita Missal (UNDP), Chaminda Pathiraja (Ministry of Disaster Management), Soenke Ziesche (UNDP), Ricardo Zapata-Marti (EU), Visaka Punyawana Hidellage (UNDP), Buddika Hapuarachchi (UNDP), Sureka Perera (UNDP), Suranga Kahandawa (World Bank), Rukshan De Mel (UNDP), Sachi Perera (UNV), Senel Wanniarachchi (UNV), Cecilia Aipira (UN Women). To the representatives of the partner organisations Una McCauley (United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative, Sri Lanka), Idah Z. Pswarayi-Riddihough (Country Director, World Bank Sri Lanka and the Maldives), David Daly (Head of the EU Delegation, Sri Lanka and the Maldives), Jorn Sorensen (UNDP Country Director, Sri Lanka), Peter Batchelor (UNDP Resident Representative a.i.) and Lovita Ramguttee (UNDP Deputy Country Director, Sri Lanka). To the experts who peer reviewed the report Krishna Vatsa (UNDP), Chiara Melluci (UNDP), Andre Griekspoor (WHO), Lisa Bender (UNICEF), and Ramona Miranda (UN-HABITAT). To the members of the PDNA sector teams and their contributors who are listed in Annex 1. PDNA Sector Teams and Contributors. 6 Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Table of Contents Foreword 3 Acknowledgements 5 List of Tables 9 List of Figures 14 List of Abbreviations 15 Part 1: PDNA Assessment Report 17 Executive Summary 19 Sector Reports : Social Sectors 41 Housing, Land and Settlements 43 Health and Nutrition 61 Education 67 Sector Reports : Productive Sectors 79 Food Security, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries 81 Industry and Commerce 95 Sector Reports : Infrastructure Sectors 105 Irrigation 107 Water and Sanitation 115 Transport 129 Power Supply 141 Sector Reports : Cross Cutting Issues 147 Environment 149 Disaster Risk Reduction 163 Employment and Livelihoods 179 Gender and Social Inclusion 193 Assessment of Disaster Impact 205 Macro-economic Impact 207 Human Development Impact 215 Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 7 Table of Contents Part 2: Recovery Strategy 231 Annexes 245 Annex 1. PDNA Sector Teams and Contributors 246 Annex 2. Terms of Reference 250 Annex 3. District Breakdown of Damages and Losses 256 Annex 4. District Breakdown of Recovery Needs 264 Annex 5. Bibliography 272 Annex 6. International