AMAZON INDIGENOUS REDD+ ITS BEGINNING, CONCEPTUALIZATION, LANDMARKS AND PRELIMINARY STRATEGIES och K ig Z razil / razil B © WWF- © AMAZON INDIGENOUS REDD+ ITS BEGINNING, CONCEPTUALIZATION, LANDMARKS AND PRELIMINARY STRATEGIES List of acronyms 6 I. Introduction 9 II. Background 10 1. Climate change and REDD+ 10 2. Indigenous View on REDD+ and the Origin of RIA 12 3. RIA: Proposal of full life for adaptation and mittigation to climate change 14 3.1 Landmarks in RIA evolution and development 18 3.2 RIA enriches with global debate of UNFCCC 20 3.3 RIA and its projection to national climate policies and REDD+ 22 4. RIA: concepts and main axes 22 4.1 The Indigenous Full Life Plan 22 4.2 Indigenous Safety and Land Government 23 4.3 Holistic management and its connection between mitigation and adaptation 23 4.4 Assessment of Ecosystem Services by Hectare 25 4.5 Combining “carbon storage and flow” and redefining “additionality 27 4.6 Financing with public mechanisms, social control and private contribution 28 4.7 RIA as part of broader strategies on forests 28 4.8 Innovation of the appropriate certification standard for RIA 29 4.9 Adequate Mechanisms and Agreements for Benefit Distribution within the Framework of RIA 31 4.10 Net Greenhouse Gases Reduction and Control over Deforestation Drivers and Agents in Indigenous Lands 32 4.11 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) for Reducing GHG Emissions and Their Relationship with the Indigenous Climate Strategy 36 4.12 Expansion of Opportunities for RIA in Terms of Adaptation and Indigenous Women 36 5. RIA as a REDD+ Strategy and the Attainment of Full Life: Progress in the Implementation 38 5.1 RIA Strengthens Learning in Indigenous Lands 38 5.2 Measurement, Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System: Autonomous System Linked to the National MRV 39 5.3 Early and Transformative Safeguards 42 5.4 Control of the Development and Positioning of Indigenous Rights 42 5.5 Global Platform on Climate Processes and Indigenous Wisdom 43 5.6 UNFCCC Permanent Indigenous Climate Pavilion 44 5.7 RIA “Climate Ambition” Commitments in the “NAZCA” Platform 46 5.8 Indigenous focalization in community-based REDD+ in UN-REDD+ 47 5.9 Dedicated Grant Mechanisms for Indigenous Peoples, such as indigenous focalization and RIA platform before the Green Climate Fund (GCF) 50 5.10 Amazon Indigenous Fund (FIA) and RIA boost each other 51 5.11 Contributions of Amazon Indigenous REDD+ (RIA) to REDD+ National Strategies 52 5.12 Colombia 53 5.13 Ecuador 54 5.14 Peru 56 6. Strenghts, opportunities, weaknesses and threaths of RIA within the current global context of the fight against climate change 57 6.1 Preliminary Strategies 63 III. Bibliography 64 LIST OF ACRONYMS AHL: Amazon Holding Limited UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Conven- MINAM: Ministry of Environment of Peru REM: REDD Early Movers AIDESEP: The Interethnic Association for the tion on Climate Change MINAG: Ministry of Agriculture of Peru RFN: Rain Forest Norway Development of the Peruvian Rainforest COP: Conference of the Parties MEF: Ministry of Economy and Finance RIA: Amazon Indigenous REDD+ AIME: Accelerating Inclusion and Mitigating DAR: Law, Environment and Natural Resources MPC: Colombian National Permanent RPP: Readiness Preparation Proposal Emissions DCI-Peru: Joint Statement of Intent by Norway, Roundtable SBSTA: Subsidiary Body for Scientific and ARPI-SCI: Regional Association of Indigenous Germany, Peru for zero net deforestation MRA: Amazon Regional Roundtable of Technological Advice Peoples of the Central Rainforest UNDRIP: United Nations Declaration on the Colombia SCRL: Sustainable Carbon Resources Limited AZICATCH: Zonal Association of Indigenous Rights of Indigenous Peoples MRV: Measurement, Reporting and Verification SERNANP: National Service of Natural Protec- Councils and Traditional Authorities of the ECA: Executor of the Administrative Contract NAE: Achuar Nationality of Ecuador ted Areas Chorrera of the Communal Reservation NAMA: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation SESA: Strategic Environmental and Social BIC: Bank Information Center EDF: Environmental Defence Fund Action Assessments for REDD+ IDB: Inter-American Development Bank ENBCC: National Forest Strategy and Climate NAZCA: Non-State Actors Zone Climate Action SISA: System of Incentives for Environmental WB: World Bank Change NICFI: Norway’s International Climate and Services BMUB: Federal Ministry for the Environment, FCPF: Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Forest Initiative SOCIOBOSQUE: Programme of Ecuador for Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear FENAMAD: Native Federation of the Madre de NDCs: Nationally Determined Contributions Incentives for Forest Conservation Safety Dios River and Tributaries ILO: International Labour Organization SPDA: Peruvian Society of Environmental Law BNDES: National Development Bank of Brazil FEPIKRESAM: Federation of Kechuas Indige- WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization TCO: Community Territory of Origin CAOI: Andean Coordinator of Indigenous nous Peoples of the San Martín Region NGO: Non-Governmental Organization TNC: The Nature Conservancy Organizations FERISHAM: Shawi Indigenous Regional Fede- UN - REDD: United Nations Programme on UICN: The International Union for Conservation CBR+: Community-Based REDD+ ration of San Martín Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and of Nature CCBA: The Climate, Community & Biodiversity FIA: Indigenous Amazon Fund Forest Degradation VCS: Verified Carbon Standard Alliance FICSH: Interprovincial Federation of Shuar OPIAC: Organization of Indigenous Peoples of WWF: World Wildlife Fund CCC: Coordination Council of COICA Centers the Colombian Amazon CCNAGUA: Continental Council of the Guarani FIP: Forest Investment Program ORAU: Regional Organization AIDESEP Ucayali Nation IIFPCC: International Indigenous Peoples PI-FIP: Investment Plan of the Forest Invest- CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity Forum on Climate Change ment Programme in Peru CDC: Board of Directors of COICA FPP: Forest People Programme PDD: REDD + Project Design Document CI: Conservation International PFII: Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues PIVA: Indigenous Pillar of Amazon Vision CICA: Indigenous Council of Central America FUNAI: National Indian Foundation of Brazil PNCBMCC: National Forest Conservation Pro- CIDOB: Confederation of Indigenous Peoples GEI: Greenhouse gases gramme for Mitigation against Climate Change of Bolivia GCF: Green Climate Fund UNDP: United Nations Development Program FPIC: Free, Prior and Informed Consent UNDG: United Nations Development Group PTRT3: Cadastre Project, Land Titling and Land CODEPISAM: Coordinator for the Develop- ICCO: Interchurch Organization for Develop- Registry in Peru ment and Defence of Indigenous Peoples of ment Cooperation PUCP: Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru San Martín Region LDI: Legal Defence Institute RCA: Amarakaeri Communal Reservation CONFENIAE: Confederation of Indigenous IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate REDD+ SES: REDD+ Social and Environmental Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazonia Change Standards COHARYIMA: Harakbut, Yine and MADS: Ministry of Environment and Sustaina- REDD: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation Machiguenga Council of Madre de Dios ble Development of Colombia and Degradation COICA : Coordinator of Indigenous MAE: Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador REDD+: Reducing Emissions from Deforesta- Organizations of the Amazon Basin MIACC: Amazon Indigenous Roundtable on tion and Degradation, Conservation, Sustaina- CMARI: Middle and Upper Stream Basin of Climate Change ble Management of Forests and Enhancement Inírida River DE: Dedicated Specific Mechanism of Forest Carbon Stocks 6 7 I. INTRODUCTION The officially recognized indigenous lands in theA ma- With the aim of relying on a tool intended both for zon Region1 are distributed in 1.745.909 ha (2016), the general audience and the specialists in the matter accounting for 22.4% of the total territory of said region for the political discussion within the framework of the (RAISG, 2017). With the aim of reducing CO2 emissions climate change, REDD+ and the fight of indigenous and maintaining this region’s forest carbon stock, it peoples for their rights and lands, this document is central to incorporate the indigenous worldview in describes the main components of RIA and their con- forest conservation projects, including the related ones tribution to the negotiations concerning adaptation to REDD+ (Reducing Emissions for Deforestation and to and mitigation of climate change. For its develop- Forest Degradation, the Conservation of Carbon Stock, ment 314 documents related to climate change and the Sustainable Management of Forests and the Enhan- RIA were examined, 26 interviews to key players were cement of Forest Carbon Stocks). made2 , and the information on the reflections deri- ved from the systematization unit held in Bogota3 was The indigenous approach on REDD+ projects extends used. Said information was structured in accordance beyond the assessment of services rendered by the with interest-specific issues. forests for the mitigation of climate change, oriented to the carbon stored in their biomass and soils. The indi- This document focuses on the execution of two genous approach is based on the forest integrity, and projects: i) “In search of the green growth through comprises the assessment of other ecosystem services REDD+ activities that make up the planning approach they provide (co-benefits), including those of supply, and the land use4” financed by Norway’s International