WOMEN IN COMPUTING TOUR REMARKABLE WOMEN AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO COMPUTING REVOLUTION: CALCULATORS REVOLUTION: BIRTH OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION: EARLY COMPUTER COMPANIES Women have played a crucial role in the history of computing at many levels, from programming and engineering to marketing, business, and leadership. These pioneers influenced the design and program- Ada, Countess of Lovelace ENIAC Programmers Grace Hopper ming of some of the first Lovelace is known for a remark- The ENIAC was the first large-scale Hopper worked on some of the computers and languages, able paper, “Sketch of the Analytical electronic computer in the United earliest computers and developed ad- and laid the groundwork Engine Invented by Charles Babbage,” States. Its hundreds of cables and vanced software programs. She devel- for women’s expanding published in 1843. It contains vision- switches were programmed by six oped an early compiler, a program to involvement in technology ary insights into the challenges of young women, including Kay Antonelli, help write other programs, and was and business. This tour using computers and their potential Jean Bartik, Betty Holberton, Mariyln involved in the development of the features nine remarkable for inventive and creative work. Meltzer, Frances Spence, and Ruth COBOL programming language. women in the history of Teitelbaum. computing. REVOLUTION: SUPERCOMPUTERS REVOLUTION: MAINFRAMES REVOLUTION: DIGITAL LOGIC Fran Allen Margaret Hamilton Sophie Wilson Allen is a computer software pioneer. NASA software chief Margaret Wilson, along with Steven Furber, de- She developed advanced compilers Hamilton led development of the code signed the ARM 1 microprocessor in for making computers work faster for the Apollo space mission to put a 1985. This design evolved into one of and more efficiently, including for the man on the Moon in 1969. the most successful computer archi- 1961 IBM “Stretch,” one of the first tectures of all time and has become and most complex supercomputers the basis for thousands of electronic ever designed. products. REVOLUTION: INPUT & OUTPUT REVOLUTION: MOBILE COMPUTING REVOLUTION: NETWORKING & THE WEB Adele Goldberg Donna Dubinsky Ginny Strazisar Goldberg contributed to the develop- Dubinsky was the founding CEO of Strazisar co-wrote the first Internet ment of the Smalltalk-80 program- Palm Computing. She was part of the router software for the then-new ming language and other object- team that developed the PalmPilot, the ARPANET network, based upon TCP/ oriented programming systems at first commercially successful handheld IP protocols. These protocols form Xerox PARC in the 1970s. Her work connected organizer. The PalmPilot pio- the basis of today’s Internet. Stra- was in part the basis for graphical neered seamless synchronization with zisar’s work allowed her company, user interfaces, used in most comput- the PC and incorporated a quick writing BBN, to produce the first commercial ers today. system known as “graffiti.” Internet router. computerhistory.org Last Updated: 2018_02 Sophie Wilson Fran Allen Margaret Hamilton Grace Hopper ENIAC Programmers Adele Goldberg Donna Dubinsky Ada, Countess of Lovelace Ginny Strazisar To learn more visit: computerhistory.org.