FINAL REGIONAL SESA FOR OECS CROP Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 FINAL REGIONAL SESA FOR OECS CROP CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Background ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Legal Framework for Coastal and Marine Resources Management ................................ 6 1.4 Objectives of the SESA ..................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Critical Factors for Decision-Making for CSMP .............................................................. 11 1.6 Program 1 - Mitigation Measures for Vulnerability Reduction...................................... 13 1.7 Program 2 - Good Governance Framework for CMSP ................................................... 18 1.8 Regional Priority Areas for Action .................................................................................. 19 1.8.1 Immediate to Short Term Actions (2018-2020) ...................................................... 19 1.8.2 Medium to Long Term Actions (2020-2022) ........................................................... 19 1.9 National Priorities for Action ......................................................................................... 20 1.9.1 Legal and Regulatory Framework ........................................................................... 21 1.9.2 Planning and Decision-making process .................................................................. 22 1.9.3 Implementation, Monitoring and Compliance ....................................................... 23 2.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................. 24 3.0 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Sector Programme justification and purpose ................................................................ 25 3.2 Coastal and Marine Spatial Plans in the OECS ............................................................... 26 3.3 Environmental policy, legislative and planning framework........................................... 31 Decision makers, planners, policies .......................................................................................... 31 (a) International & Regional Laws and Agreements for CMSP .............................................. 32 .(c) National policies, legislation, and regulations for CMSP ............................................ 34 3.2.2 Legal Framework to protect Land tenure and resource rights ....................................... 35 3.2.3 Broader Development Policies Integrated with Coastal & Marine Policies ........... 36 3.2.4 Institutional Framework ......................................................................................... 38 3.2.5 Financial Incentives, economic instruments & benefits sharing ............................ 39 3.2.6 Kalinago Territory Dominica ................................................................................... 40 4.0 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 43 4.1 General approach ........................................................................................................... 43 2 FINAL REGIONAL SESA FOR OECS CROP 4.2 What is Strategic Environment and Social Impact Assessment ..................................... 43 4.3 SESA Methodology ......................................................................................................... 45 4.3.1 Tasks of the Consultancy ........................................................................................ 46 4.4 PHASE ONE SCOPING ..................................................................................................... 47 4.4.1 Four Broad Themes of Inquiry ................................................................................ 47 4.4.2 Literature Review .................................................................................................... 48 4.4.3 One-to-one Interviews and Consultations .............................................................. 49 4.4.4 Expert Judgment ..................................................................................................... 50 4.5 Geographical or environmental mapping units ............................................................. 51 4.6 Assumptions, uncertainties and constraints .................................................................. 51 4.6.1 Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 51 4.6.2 Uncertainties ........................................................................................................... 53 4.6.3 Constraints .............................................................................................................. 53 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDY .................................................................................. 54 5.1 Socio-Economic Drivers and Pressures .......................................................................... 54 5.2 Environmental Pressures ............................................................................................... 55 5.2.1 Cross sectoral Issues ............................................................................................... 57 5.2.2 Sector Specific Considerations ................................................................................ 58 5.3 Policy Responses ............................................................................................................ 61 5.4 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 62 6.0 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION & EVALUATION ......................................................................... 64 6.1 Base-case Scenario – Situation in OECS States .............................................................. 64 7.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................................. 73 8.0 MITIGATION OR OPTIMISING MEASURES ......................................................................... 76 Critical Risks and Mitigation Standards for Future Scenario ................................................. 76 9.0 INDICATORS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES AND GAP ANALYSIS ........................................ 83 9.1 Indicators ........................................................................................................................ 83 9.2 Framework for Good Governance ................................................................................. 84 9.3 Regional Gap Analysis - Political Economy Constraints ................................................. 85 9.3.1 Independent Small Island States ............................................................................ 85 9.3.2 Governance arrangements ..................................................................................... 86 9.3.2.1 Legal and Regulatory Framework ................................................................................... 86 3 FINAL REGIONAL SESA FOR OECS CROP 9.3.2.2 Planning and Decision-Making Process .......................................................................... 87 9.3.2.4 Implementation, Monitoring and Compliance ............................................................... 87 9.4 National Gap Assessment............................................................................................... 88 9.4.1 Component 1: Policy, Legal, Institutional and Regulatory Framework .................. 88 9.4.2 Component 2: Planning and Decision-making Process ................................................ 91 9.4.3 Component 3: Implementation, monitoring and compliance ................................ 93 10.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 96 10.1 General Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 96 10.2 Program 2 - Priority Areas for Action to improve Governance in OECS MS .................. 96 10.2.1 Recommendations– Policy, Legal, Institutional and Regulatory Framework ......... 97 10.2.2 Recommendations – Planning and Decision-making process ................................ 99 10.2.3 Recommendations – Implementation, Monitoring and Compliance ................... 101 10.3 General Recommendations for Implementation of CROP ........................................... 102 10.3.1 Stakeholder Participation ..................................................................................... 102 10.3.2 Planning Context and Decision-making Process ................................................... 102 10.3.3 Regional Cooperation and Coordination .............................................................. 103 10.3.4 Project Implementation ............................................................................................... 104 10.3.5 Policy Legal and Regulatory .................................................................................