Current Research in Egyptology XVI Oxford, 15–18 April 2015 Travel in Ancient Egypt jḫ nȝ mʿš swgȝ j.dj=w jr=k ‘What are these foolish journeys which they have had you make?’ Wenamun 2.22 Past CRE conferences Location Year University College London, King's College London 2014 University of Cambridge 2013 University of Birmingham 2012 Durham University 2011 Leiden University 2010 University of Liverpool 2009 University of Manchester 2008 Swansea University 2007 University of Oxford 2006 University of Cambridge 2005 Durham University 2004 University College London 2003 University of Birmingham 2002 University of Liverpool 2001 University of Oxford 2000 About CRE Organised by students, Current Research in Egyptology (CRE) is a conference that aims at promoting bonds between major centres for Egyptological research worldwide with offering the opportunity to postgraduate students, early career and independent researchers to present their research, exchange ideas, and build a network with their peers. The first edition was launched in 2000 by two postgraduate students of the University of Oxford—Dr. Angela McDonald and Dr. Christina Riggs. Following the success of the conference, it has become an annual event hosted by different universities within the UK and was opened to students from abroad in 2003. In 2010, it was held for the first time outside the UK, in the Netherlands (University of Leiden), and since then, any university is encouraged to submit a bid to host the conference. The bids are submitted to the vote of the attendees during the Annual General Meeting (AGM) of CRE every year. The conference is then organised by the elected Committee and assisted by the Permanent Committee (members elected at the AGM for three years). In the past fifteen years the event has considerably expanded and gained international recognition. Its growth and success were reflected by CRE XV 2014 in London, with sixty-eight speakers from nineteen different countries amongst the one hundred and fifty participants. Moreover, various recognised institutions are supporting the event, such as the Egypt Exploration Society, the Institute of Classical Studies and the London Centre for Ancient Near East. Through the hard work and enthusiasm of its successive committee, there is no doubt that the conference will keep running annually and travel successfully in the upcoming years to promote the current research in Egyptology. http://cregyptology.org.uk https://www.facebook.com/CREgyptology https://twitter.com/CREgyptology Published in April 2015. Copyright remains with the authors. Opinions expressed in contributions do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the editors. Contents Foreword 8 Egyptology in Oxford 10 Bursaries 12 Programme 13 Featured Speakers 21 Presentation Abstracts 22 Poster Programme 48 Poster Abstracts 50 Conference Proceedings 55 Where to eat? 56 Maps 58 Foreword CRE XVI Committee would like to warmly welcome all the participants to the sixteenth annual Current Research in Egyptology (CRE XVI) conference hosted by the University of Oxford. This year's conference would not have been possible without the help of various institutions and many individuals. The organising committee would like to thank the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Oxford, the Griffith Institute, Merton College, the Taylor Institution, the Ashmolean Museum, the Ioannou Centre and the Queen’s College for facilitating the organisation and allowing us to host the conference in Oxford. We are grateful to the Griffith Egyptological Fund, the Egypt Exploration Society, the Institute of Classical Studies and the London Centre for the Ancient Near East for renewing their financial support through bursaries and funding. The committee would also like to acknowledge the invaluable help of the University of Oxford administrative and academic staff. We would like to thank Doctor Elizabeth Frood for her initial input and Professor Richard B. Parkinson for his precious advice all along the process. Our sincere thanks go to Sarah Ballstadt, Finance Officer of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, for her help and patience with our regular requests and to Sarah Daley, Conference and Events officer at Queen's College, for her kind assistance from the inception and her great help with the organisation of the conference dinner. We would also like to acknowledge the help of the conference managers of our venues: Richard Stayt at the Taylor Institution, Ilaria Perzia and Claire Burton at the Ashmolean Museum, Kate Del Nevo at the Ioannou Centre and Caroline Massey at Merton College. We are thankful to Charmian Maskell and Linda McCluskey of the University of Oxford online store, who were most helpful with the management of CRE registrations. We would also like to thank Liam McNamara, curator of the Egyptian Department at the Ashmolean Museum as well as Elizabeth Fleming and Cat Warsi from the Griffith Institute Archives for their time in organising the tours. We also wish to thank our keynote speakers Professor Richard B. Parkinson, Professor Emeritus John Baines and Doctor Angela McDonald for agreeing to take part in CRE XVI, and presenting fascinating lectures. Many students from the department have shown their support to CRE and volunteered in various tasks before and during the conference: Ambrose Boles, Loretta Kilroe, Francesco De Magistris, Manon Schutz, Thais Rocha da Silva, Chiara Salvador and Elsbeth Van der Wilt. We are really grateful to all of them. Last but not least, we are indebted to Justin Yoo, who advised and offered his help all along. 8 Finally, we would like to thank all the participants who contribute to the success of CRE XVI. CRE XVI Organising Committee Christelle Alvarez & Solène Klein (Co-Chairs), Ann-Katrin Gill, Marwan Kilani Egypt Exploration Society Institute of Classical Studies http://www.ees.ac.uk http://icls.sas.ac.uk The Griffith Egyptological Fund The Griffith Institute – Faculty of Oriental Studies http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk London Centre for the Ancient Near East http://banealcane.org/lcane/ 9 Egyptology in Oxford Egyptology is taught at all levels, from undergraduate through masters to doctoral levels in the department of Egyptology and Near Eastern Studies of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, and there is a strong tradition of post-doctoral research on all aspects of Egyptian culture. Students are attached to colleges but almost all teaching is done centrally in the Griffith Institute. Teaching and research are supported by the Sackler Library, an unrivalled resource for Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern literature, languages, history and archaeology that also houses primary collections of books on Assyriology, Ancient History, Classics, Art History, and Eastern Art. However, in Oxford, Egyptology manifests itself all across the city, in the form of various buildings and institutions, often related to famous figures in the field. Francis Llewellyn Griffith and the Griffith Institute. Francis Llewellyn Griffith (1862– 1934) was the first professor of Egyptology at Oxford and founded the eponymous Griffith Institute that has been the home of Egyptology and Ancient Near East Studies at the University for over 75 years. As well as being a teaching space, it provides world-famous resources for the study of the history and culture of Ancient Egypt and the Near East, which can be accessed online. Among current projects, two are particularly noteworthy: the Digital Topographical Bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs, and paintings (‘Porter & Moss’), which has been running for more than a century; and the Online Egyptological Bibliography (OEB) which makes more than 75,000 references dating from 1822 to 2015 available online as a subscription service. The Institute has also published numerous important books in Egyptology, including Gardiner’s Grammar. The Institute also contains an archive that houses the papers of some of Egyptology’s greatest scholars, including Francis Llewellyn Griffith, Sir Alan Gardiner, and Jaroslav Černý; it is perhaps best known for Howard Carter’s archive and the records of his excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun. Elias Ashmole and the Ashmolean Museum's Egyptian collection. Although Elias Ashmole was not an Egyptologist, his name is associated with the Ashmolean museum, founded in 1683, which holds an outstanding collection of Egyptian artefacts. The Ashmolean—Britain’s first public museum—presented initially a collection of miscellaneous specimens and curiosity from all around the world. In the 19th century, its collections were merged with those of the University, to become what is today the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, and houses objects from Eastern and Western civilisations, from the Neolithic age to the present day, including an important collection of Egyptian and Nubian antiquities. As for its Egyptian collections, although the first objects arrived in the museum early in 1683, the majority come from British excavations conducted in Egypt from the 1880s to 10 the late 1930s. Bodies such as the Egypt Exploration Fund and the British School of Archaeology in Egypt (directed by W. M. F. Petrie, the founder of Egyptian field-archaeology) received financial support from the University for their excavations. In the early 20th century, the University of Oxford sent expeditions to Lower Nubia, directed and largely funded by Francis Llewellyn Griffith. These excavations brought some material to the expanding collections of the museum. Sir Alan Gardiner, the greatest twentieth-century