1 Macau Contributors: Wu Zhiliang Luís Filipe Barreto Macau James K. Chin Juan Gil Elsa Penalva Elisabetta Colla Noël Golvers Willy Vande Walle Ugo Baldini Mariagrazia Russo Isabel Murta Pina Lou Shenghua Zhang Xiaohua and Present Past Vicent Wai-Kit Ho Tereza Sena Alfredo Gomes Dias Li Changsen Past and Present Edited by Centro Científico e Cultural de Macau, I.P. Ministério da Educação e Ciência Luís Filipe Barreto and Wu Zhiliang Macau 2015 Lisboa, Past and Present Centro Científico e Cultural de Macau, I.P. Ministério da Educação e Ciência Title Macau: Past and Present Published by Centro Científico e Cultural de Macau, I.P. Rua da Junqueira, 30 1300-343 Lisboa – Portugal www.cccm.pt [email protected] Tel. (+351) 21 361 75 70 Fundação Macau Avenida de Almeida Ribeiro, 61 – 75, Circle Square, 7.º – 9.º andares Macau www.fmac.org.mo [email protected] Tel. (+853) 289 667 77 Edited by Luís Filipe Barreto Wu Zhiliang Authors Luís Filipe Barreto Wu Zhiliang James K. Chin Juan Gil Elsa Penalva Elisabetta Colla Noël Golvers W.F. Vande Walle Ugo Baldini Mariagrazia Russo Isabel Murta Pina Lou Shenghua Zang Xiaohua Vincent Wai-kit Ho Tereza Sena Alfredo Gomes Dias Li Changsen Proofreading by Kennistranslations Graphic design João Machado (www.joaomachado.net) Printing Maiadouro Print run 800 Copies Lisboa, 2015 ISBN: 978-972-8586-43-0 Depósito legal: 397889/15 5 Foreword Luís Filipe Barreto / Wu Zhiliang p. 9 About the Authors p. 21 Portuguese Macau and Tokugawa Japan in the Early 17th Century as Seen from the Japanese Archival Record Tsuko Ichiran James K. Chin p. 25 Una minoría: los japoneses en Manila y en Macau Juan Gil p. 43 Mercadores, Jesuítas e Jurubaças em Macau (1600–1627) Elsa Penalva p. 93 The (In)Visibility Rhetoric and the Relationship Between Beijing, Macau and Qianshan in the Local Gazetteers of the Xiangshan District and in the Brief Monograph of Macau Elisabetta Colla p. 179 The Canton–Macau Area as a ‘lieux de savoir’: the Western Missionaries’ Detention in the Canton Jesuit Residence (1665–1671) and their Written and Editorial Output (22/3/2013) Noël Golvers p. 215 Dutch Perceptions of Macau W. F. Vande Walle p. 235 6 Scienza, missioni, destino: Wenceslas Pantaleon Kirwitzer Ugo Baldini p. 283 Jesuítas italianos em Macau Mariagrazia Russo p. 352 Macau in the Time and Work of Álvaro Semedo Isabel Murta Pina p. 385 Diversified Forms and Commonweal in Center: On the Development of Charity in Macau Lou Shenghua, Zang Xiaohua p. 395 The Arts of Integration and Recreation: a Culinary Study of Macau Vincent Wai-kit Ho p. 405 Archives of the Senado's Procuratura and the Codification and Translation of Chinese Documents Tereza Sena p. 429 Macau: Past and Present Migration – Issues, Sources and Methods Alfredo Gomes Dias p. 473 Teaching Portuguese in China and Macau’s Contribution Li Changsen p. 487 99 Foreword Luís Filipe Barreto / Wu Zhiliang In October 2012 the Macau Scientific and Cultural Centre, which is a public institute of Portugal’s Ministry of Education and Science, or- ganised the International Colloquium Macau: Past and Present in Lis- bon in conjunction with the Macau Foundation under the the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. Over three working days, more than a dozen researchers presented papers in English and Portuguese. They debated topics and problems, data and methods related to the city and region of Macau from the period of its international origins in the 16th and 17th centuries to the present day. Analyses of history and historical sociology were discussed and compared, as were specific case studies and panoramic typologies of the area and groups, some touching on international aspects and others on more internal facets of life in the City and Region. The scientific goal of this meeting was to further the development of research about the past and present of Macau, and to have more and better knowledge about the current “state of play” of what has been and is being achieved through research directed by universities and research centers in Europe and Asia and notably in Portugal, China and Macau. The organisers of the Colloquium, cccm/Macau Foundation, see this and other similar meetings as a fruitful investment, and as another step towards the development of studies and higher education on Macau, and in its multiple functions and cultural, social, political and economic dimensions. It was also intended as an incentive for archives, libraries and museums to be more and better organised, so that they publish and spread knowledge about the sources and collections of documents and objects about Macau. The over-riding goal of this colloquium, and of the other seven held since 2007, is to articulate the knowledge of the past and the present might be better prepared to seek out the centuries-old patterns and regular features of Macau, ones that go deeper than just one or other event or situation in the 16th and 17th centuries or in the 20th and 21st 10 FOREWORD LUÍS FILIPE BARRETO / WU ZHILIANG 11 centuries. It aims to pursue this goal through typological comparison, a hub for combined resources of these two coastal provinces of south- the diversity of data, the multilingual plurality of the documenta- ern China for exchange, international finance, maritime trade and the tion and also the plurality of theoretical and methodological research free flow of people and information/knowledge within and outside of programes, and to discuss and come together on the different ways of China and its maritime sphere of Nanyang. moving forward on the research question of the past, present and fu- The farthest-reaching platform of this international trade of the ture of Macau on more solid ground and with greater assurance. coastal provinces of southern China was provided by the Portuguese. This volume gathers the essence of the key papers of late 2012. This contribution now brings the Indian and Atlantic oceans, their These pages almost entirely in English but in their original language routes, markets and products to the region. These are the same mar- (Portuguese, Spanish, Italian); the texts contain with very powerful kets and products that connect the junks and Chinese communities of documental components and information (such as those by Juan Gil, southern China to the islands and peninsulas of Southeast Asia. Elsa Penalva, Ugo Baldini and Mariagrazia Russo). They open up new In the Ming period, the maritime-commercial intermediation of the horizons with documents and manuscripts hitherto unseen. Transla- Portuguese and the consolidation of their established position in Macau tion would undermine the research described. In the case of Macau, came about largely due to the Japan factor: Japanese silver, Chinese and research is always multilingual, meaning a broad array of European Japanese capital that drove the Canton Fair on the Macau–Nagasaki and Asian languages that stimulate the comparative work of multilin- axis, silks, porcelain, Chinese currency and so on flowed between the gual teams. Indeed, this volume comprises articles in four languages: “sons of Heaven” and the “sons of the Rising Sun”. English (9), Portuguese (2), Spanish (1) and Italian (1). The documental The relevance of the Japanese dimension to the knowledge of Macau relevance of the papers in these languages, their importance as evidence comes to us here through the study by James K. Chin (University of and citations unpublished manuscripts fully justifies this increasingly Hong Kong) about the Tsuko- - Ichikan archive and Japanese documen- frequent multilingual format. tation on the relations between Macau and Tokugawa Japan in the Macau is a micro-island/peninsula with macro functions of global early 18th century. The Japanese markets were key not only to Macau’s connectivity and of the controllable opening up of cultural, economic imports and exports but also to its character as an international border and social groups and activities from the South China coast to the rest of city, and the intercultural relations between Europe and Japan. the world. This trend has been a constant over the many centuries from Macau’s increasing usefulness was also due to its connections to the start of the Ming period and throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Manila and the American Pacific. A Macau–Nagasaki–Manila axis It is a regular structural pattern that is repeated to varying degrees and spread from Canton and Guangdong province to Fujian, Vietnam and breadth both in relation to connectivity and types of controlled opening. the islands and ports of Southeast Asia. The study by Juan Gil (Real It was structural repetition throughout the Qing dynasty, in the periods Academia Espanhola) on the Japanese minority in Manila and Macau of the First Republic and the People’s Republic of China, and post-1999, continues to show us the importance of the Japanese factor in the orig- after the emergence of the Special Administrative Region. inal formation of Macau. Attracting diverse universes is the raison d’être and meaning of this Macau’s Luso–Chinese status attracts the most diverse of forces and micro city-region. Its original and fundamental purpose as the gateway people, institutions and interests. The numerous builders and decision- to Guangzhou and an international port serving multiple areas ranging makers of Macau, in Macau itself but also in Canton and Goa, Lisbon from trade, finance, culture and migration to technology make Macau and Beijing, Patane and Malacca, Hong Kong and Singapore, Japan a global hub, a micro-space of multiple and not infrequently contradic- and Fujian, etc. left a wealth of documentary sources in a wide range tory convergences and interests. of languages.