"The geography of the Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo: local and international aspects " Cinzia Cerroni Università di Palermo Giovan Battista Guccia (Palermo 1855 – 1914) Some reference dates 1884: The foundation of “Circolo Matematico di Palermo” 1886-88: The “Circolo” has developed as national society of the mathematicians. 1887: Released the first volume of “Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo”. 1888: New Constitution and New Editorial Board 1891: Henri Poincarè entered to belong to “direttivo” of Circolo. 1894: Gösta Mittag-Leffler entered to belong to “direttivo” of Circolo. The main periods Three main periods: 1888 – 1904: the Circolo as a national association; 1904 – 1908: the strategy of Guccia for the internationalization of the Circolo; 1908 – 1914: the great growth. Members of Circolo Matematico of Palermo 1884 Not residents in Palermo, 5, 19% Residents in Palermo, 22, 81% Total 27 Residents in Palermo 22 Not residents in Palermo 5 1886/1887: The first not – palermitan members of the Circolo 1886: Eugene Catalan; Giuseppe Battaglini; Valentino Cerruti; Pasquale Del Pezzo 1887: Thomas Archer Hirst; Ernesto Cesaro; Corrado Segre; Francesco Brioschi; Luigi Cremona; Enrico D’Ovidio; Luigi Berzolari; Georges Humbert; Gino Loria; Giuseppe Peano; Vito Volterra; Enrico Betti The first period: 1888 - 1904 The members of the editorial board: 1891: Henri Poincaré entered to belong to “direttivo” of Circolo. (In that way the Rendiconti is the first mathematical journal with an international editorial board: the Acta’s one was only inter scandinavian) 1894: Gösta Mittag-Leffler entered to belong to “direttivo” of Circolo. 1888: New Constitution Art. 2: [Il Circolo] potrà istituire concorsi a premi e farsi promotore di congress scientifici nelle varie città del regno. [Il Circolo] may establish prize competitions and become a promoter of scientific congress in different cities of the kingdom. Art 17: Editorial Board 20 members (five residents and 15 non residents) Art. 18: elections with a system that guarantees the secrety of the vote. 1888: New Editorial Board 5 from Palermo: Giuseppe and Michele Albeggiani; Francesco Caldarera; Michele Gebbia; Giovan Battista Guccia 3 from Pavia: Eugenio Beltrami; Eugenio Bertini; Felice Casorati; 3 from Pisa: Enrico Betti; Riccardo De Paolis; Vito Volterra 2 from Napoli: Giuseppe Battaglini; Pasquale Del Pezzo 2 from Milano: Francesco Brioschi; Giuseppe Jung 2 from Roma: Valentino Cerruti; Luigi Cremona 2 from Torino: Enrico D’Ovidio; Corrado Segre 1 from Bologna: Salvatore Pincherle A very well distributed arrangement of the best Italian mathematicians! The most important absence is that of the university of Padova: Giuseppe Veronese had joined the Circolo in 1888, Gregorio Ricci will never be a member of it Ulisse Dini and Luigi Bianchi in Pisa will join the Circolo respectively in 1900 and in 1893. Members of Circolo Matematico of Palermo 1888 Belgium 1 Foreigners, 6, 6% Bohemia 2 France 2 England 1 Residents in Palermo, 46, 45% Residents in Italy, 50, 49% Total 102 Residents in Palermo 46 Not residents in Palermo 56 Residents in Italy 50 Foreigners 6 Members of Circolo Matematico of Palermo 1898 Bohemia 2 France 13 Germany 3 Foreigners; 31; 18% Holland 1 Russia 1 Residents in Palermo; 43; 25% Scotland 1 Serbia 1 Spain 2 United States 5 Sveden 1 Switzerland 1 Residents in Italy; 100; 57% Total 174 Residents in Palermo 43 Not residents in Palermo 131 Residents in Italy 100 Foreigners 31 % Foreigners 1998 Sveden; 1; 3% Switzerland; 1; 3% Bohemia; 2; 6% United States ; 5; 16% Spain; 2; 6% France; 13; 42% Serbia; 1; 3% Scotland; 1; 3% Germany; 3; 10% Russia; 1; 3% Holland; 1; 3% Members of Circolo Matematico of Palermo 1904 Australia 1 Belgium 1 Residents in Palermo; 31; 16% Bohemia 1 Foreigners; 44; 23% Canada 1 France 16 Germany 4 England and Ireland 1 Mexico 1 Holland 1 Poland 2 Russia 2 Serbia 1 Residents in Italy; 120; 61% Spain 3 Sveden 2 Switzerland 1 United States 6 Total 195 Residents in Palermo 31 Not residents in Palermo 164 Residents in Italy 120 Foreigners 44 % Foreigners 1904 Switzerland; 1; 2% Australia; Belgiu Bohemia; 1; 2% Sveden; 2; 5% 1; 2% m; 1; 2% Canada; 1; 2% United States ; 6; 14% Spain; 3; 7% France; 16; 36% Russia; 2; 5% Serbia; 1; 2% Poland; 2; 5% Germany; 4; 9% Holland; 1; 2% Mexico; 1; 2% England and Ireland; 1; 2% The first and the second issue of the Rendiconti Some papers by Palermitan scholars and papers by Eugène Charles Catalan, Thomas Archer Hirst, Pieter Hendrik Schoute, Corrado Segre (first issue, 1887) and Enrico Betti, George Henri Halphen, Ernest de Jonquières, Camille Jordan, Giuseppe Peano, Henri Poincaré, Corrado Segre, Alexis Starkov, Vito Volterra (second issue, 1888). Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico di Palermo Ukraine, Holland, Volume 1 1887 1, 3% Volume 2 1888 1, 4% Volume 3 1889 Belgium, England, France, 4, France, 1, 4% 1, 4% 14% 4, 17% Denmark, 1, 4% Italy, 24, 83% Italy, 18, 75% Italy, 22, 92% United Holland, Volume 5 1891 Volume 4 1890 n.1 States , Volume 4 1890 n.2 1, 4% Russia; 1; 1, 6% Germany, France, Germany, 4% 1, 4% 1, 13% 1, 5% France, 3, 17% France, 4, 16% Italy, 7, Italy, 18, 87% Italy, 13, 72% 72% Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico di Palermo Austria; Volume 7 1893 Volume 8 1894 Volume 6 1892 1; 5% Holland, France, 1, 7% 2, 8% France, 3, 20% Italy, 11, 73% Italy, 23, Italy, 20, 92% 95% United Serbia States , 2, Volume 9 1895 Germany, Volume 10 1896 ; 1; Volume 11 1897 Germany, 11% 1, 6% 6% 1, 5% France, 1, France, 2, 6% 12% France, 1, 5% Italy, 14, Italy, 14, Italy, 15, 82% Austria; 1; 74% 88% 5% Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico di Palermo Austria; 1; 6% Volume 12 1898 Volume 13 1899 n.1 United Volume 13 1899 n. 2 Germany, States , 1, Austria; 1; 2, 11% 9% 17% France, 3, 27% Italy, 15, Italy, 5, Italy, 7, 83% 83% 64% Sweden, Volume 14 1900 2, 10% Volume 15 1901 n.1 Volume 15 1901 n 2 Serbia ; 1; France, Holland, 5% 1, 14% 1, 5% Belgium, France 1 Italy France, 1, 14% 50% 1 1, 5% Italy, 5, 50% 72% Italy, 15, 75% Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico di Palermo Russia Czech Volume 16 1902 n.1 ; 1; Volume 16 1902 n.2 Repubblic , Volume 17 1903 n.1-2 6% 1, 4% France, 1, Belgium, Serbia; 1; 17% 1, 5% 4% Italy, 5, Italy, 16, 83% 89% Italy 92% Volume 18 1904 n.1 France, 2, 9% Greece, 1, 4% Belgium, 1, 4% Italy, 20, 83% Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico di Palermo 1887-1904 30 25 20 15 Italians Foreigners 10 5 0 Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico di Palermo 1888-1904 Prevalently National Languages: Italian, English, France, German Content: Pure and applied Mathematics Circulation: Europe, nord, sud, est, ovest, United States The preparation and the great progress. New members 1904: Max Noether 1905: F. Klein, H.G. Zeuthen, W. Osgood, G. Cantor, J. Lüroth, O. Veblen, G. Darboux, E. Landau, R. Moore 1906: I. Fredholm, E. Borel, M. Fréchet, D. Hilbert, J. Hadamard, J. Wedderburn, 1907: P. Sylow, P. Duhem, K. Hensel, H. Lebesgue 1908: F. Riesz, M. Dehn, E. Zermelo, H. Weyl, Emmy Noether 1909: A. Hurwitz, H. Bohr, W. Sierpinski 1910: L. Bieberbach, R. Courant, F. Hausdorff, G. H. Hardy, W. Burnside 1911: J. Coolidge, Friedrich Noether 1912: B. Russell, G. Polya 1913: H. Steinhaus, G. D. Birkhoff 1914: S. Lefschetz, A.A. H.Fraenkel 1907: an important lunch Lunch which was held November 3, 1907 at the Restaurant of the Hotel Continental, Paris. At this lunch took part (as you seen from the manuscript of Guccia): C. Darboux, C. Jordan, H. Poincarè, P. Appel, P. Painlevè, G. Humbert, J. Hadamard, G. Borel, D. Andrè, C. Laisant, G. Fouret, J. Drach, L. Olivier, P. Boutroux, besides Guccia. This meeting laid the foundation for the internationalization of the Circolo Matematico di Palermo. The editorial board till 1909 From Palermo: Giuseppe Albeggiani (from 1888 till his death 1892); Michele Albeggiani (1888 – 1909); Francesco Caldarera (1888 – 1893); Michele Gebbia (1888 – 1909); Francesco Gerbaldi (1894 – 1905); Gabriele Torelli (1894 – 1909) From Italy: Giuseppe Battaglini (Napoli 1888 – 1893); Eugenio Beltrami (Pavia and Roma 1888 – 1890); Eugenio Bertini (Pavia 1888 – 1893); Enrico Betti (Pisa 1888 – 1893); Luigi Bianchi (Pisa 1897 – 1908); Francesco Brioschi (Milano 1888 – 1896); Alfredo Capelli (Napoli 1894 – 1908); Felice Casorati (Pavia 1888 – 1890); Valentino Cerruti (Roma 1888 – 1908); Luigi Cremona (Roma 1888 – 1903); Riccardo De Paolis (Pisa 1888 – 1893); Pasquale Del Pezzo (Napoli 1888 – 1908); Alfonso Del Re (Napoli 1900 – 1908); Ulisse Dini (Pisa 1900 – 1908); Enrico D’Ovidio (Torino 1888 – 1893 and 1906 – 1908); Giuseppe Jung (Milano 1888 – 1899); Gino Loria (Genova 1894 – 1908); Giovanni Maisano (Messina and Palermo 1894 – 1899); Ernesto Pascal (Pavia and Milano 1900 – 1908); Giuseppe Peano (Torino 1894 – 1908); Salvatore Pincherle (Bologna 1888 – 1908); Corrado Segre (Torino 1888 – 1890); Alberto Tonelli (Roma 1900 – 1908); Vito Volterra (Pisa, Torino, Roma 1888 – 1908) From abroad Gösta Mittag Leffler (Stockholm 1894 – 1908); Henri Poincaré (Paris 1891 – 1908) The cultural policy of Rendiconti after 1904: Opening to the young “ In any case - and this is one of the most remarkable among the great and immortal merits of Guccia - he always judged mathematicians solely from their papers, without worrying about their age, or their official position; he has helped many beginners - as I was a dozen years ago - to publish their research in his important journal and to have confidence in themselves. I came here to thank the Circolo Matematico – that is Guccia – for the fact that he has created, to many mathematicians, their position in science” [E. Landau, 14 Aprile 1914] M.