UNIVERSITY OF FOGGIA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PHD THESIS IN “HEALTHY FOODS: INNOVATION AND MANAGEMENT” (XXIX CYCLE) TITLE Management accounting practices in the emerging functional foods industry: empirical evidence Tutor Prof. Piervito Bianchi Cotutor Prof. Antonio Corvino Phd student Lorella Riccio ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016 Table of contents Chapter 1 - Functional foods ...................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Definition and history of functional foods.......................................................................... 8 1.3. Functional foods market .................................................................................................... 16 1.3.1 Global Market .............................................................................................................. 16 1.3.2. USA market ................................................................................................................. 17 1.3.3. Asian Market ............................................................................................................... 18 1.3.4. European Market ........................................................................................................ 20 1.3.4.1. Western European market ...................................................................................... 20 1.3.4.2. Eastern European Market ...................................................................................... 22 1.3.5. The need for functional foods development in Poland ............................................. 24 1.4 Functional food development in literature........................................................................ 27 1.5. Specific and dynamic legislation ....................................................................................... 31 1.5.1 International legislation ............................................................................................... 31 1.5.2 European legislation .................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 2 - Review Of the Literature ..................................................................................... 43 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 44 2.2 Strategic Innovation ............................................................................................................ 44 2.3 Management control systems ............................................................................................. 47 2.3.1 The role of MCS in Innovation ................................................................................... 49 2.3.2 Management control systems framework .................................................................. 64 2.3.2.1 Performance measurement systems ........................................................................ 68 2.3.2.2 The Stage Gate model ............................................................................................. 73 2.4 New product development context .................................................................................... 79 2.4.1 NPD success factors...................................................................................................... 79 2.4.2 Functional Food Product Development context ........................................................ 84 2.5 Research questions / work questions ................................................................................. 90 Chapter 3 - Methodology .......................................................................................................... 93 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 94 3.2 Research Approach ............................................................................................................. 94 3.3 Principles of case study approach ...................................................................................... 95 3.4 Research Design .................................................................................................................. 98 1 3.4.1 Doing Case study (Plan)............................................................................................... 98 3.4.2 Designing Case study ................................................................................................. 100 3.4.3 Preparing Case study (drafting instruments and protocols) .................................. 103 3.5 Data Collection .................................................................................................................. 107 3.5.1 Collecting Case study evidence ................................................................................. 107 3.5.2 Analyzing Case study evidence ................................................................................. 115 3.6 Case Study Report ............................................................................................................ 123 3.7 Thesis methodology ........................................................................................................... 126 3.8 Research design and data collection ................................................................................ 127 Chapter 4 - Case Grana Spzoo ............................................................................................... 137 4.1 Company description ........................................................................................................ 138 4.1.2 History ......................................................................................................................... 138 4.1.2 Products offer ............................................................................................................. 140 4.1.3 Industry characteristics, level of competition and Company position .................. 142 4.2 Innovation management system ....................................................................................... 149 4.2.1 Firm orientation towards innovation ....................................................................... 149 4.2.2 NPD process ................................................................................................................ 150 4.3 Case study Analysis ........................................................................................................... 152 4.3.1 The role of Grana case ........................................................................................... 152 4.3.2 The coding ............................................................................................................... 153 4.3.3 The within case study ............................................................................................. 155 4.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 164 Discussion and conclusions ..................................................................................................... 167 Limitations and future research ........................................................................................ 172 References ................................................................................................................................ 174 2 List of Figures Figure 1 Global retail sale value of functional foods (Euromonitor, 2015) ................................ 16 Figure 2 Functional food market in the USA (Euromonitor, 2015) ............................................ 17 Figure 3 Functional foods as % of total market in USA (Euromonitor, 2015) ........................... 18 Figure 4 Market size of Asian countries over the last five years (Euromonitor, 2015) .............. 18 Figure 5 Forecast growth of functional food market in Asia (Euromonitor, 2015) .................... 19 Figure 6 Comparative projected forecast of the value of the functional food market in China and USA (Euromonitor, 2015) ........................................................................................................... 20 Figure 7 Market size of Western European countries over the last five years (Euromonitor, 2015) ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 8 Comparative market size of Western European countries the last five years (Euromonitor, 2015) .................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 9 Forecast growth of functional food market in Western Europe (Euromonitor, 2015) .. 22 Figure 10 Market size of Eastern European countries over the last five years (Euromonitor, 2015) ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 11 Comparative market size of Eastern European countries the last five years (Euromonitor, 2015) .................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 12 Forecast growth of functional food market in Eastern Europe (Euromonitor, 2015) . 24 Figure 13 Types of health related