International Telecommunication Union FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS Handbook on Land Mobile (including Wireless Access) Volume 1 2nd Edition Radiocommunication Bureau THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. 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International Telecommunication Union FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS Handbook on Land Mobile (including Wireless Access) Volume 1 2nd Edition Radiocommunication Bureau - iii - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ................................................................................................................................ xiii FOREWORD............................................................................................................................ xv PROLOGUE TO THE SECOND EDITION............................................................................ xvii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE............................................................................................ 1 1.2 BACKGROUND......................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Traditional telephony wireless access ......................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Broadband wireless access.......................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 Relationship between FWA and IMT-2000................................................................ 3 1.2.4 Wireless access to the Internet .................................................................................... 3 1.3 ORGANIZATION AND USE OF THE HANDBOOK.............................................. 3 CHAPTER 2 – ACCESS REQUIREMENTS...................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 3 – ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS ACCESS .............................................. 7 CHAPTER 4 – TECHNOLOGY/EVOLUTION AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . 11 4.1 FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS DESIGN OBJECTIVES ......................... 11 4.2 FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE .................................. 11 4.3 SPECTRUM................................................................................................................ 12 4.3.1 Role of ITU Radio Regulations and national spectrum utilization policies................ 13 4.3.2 Summary of Recommendations in place..................................................................... 14 4.4 RADIO SYSTEM AND NETWORK DESIGN METHODOLOGY ......................... 17 4.5 TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION.................................................................................. 19 4.5.1 Terminals..................................................................................................................... 19 4.5.2 Cell-site/base radio...................................................................................................... 20 4.5.3 Backhaul...................................................................................................................... 20 - iv - Page 4.5.4 Switch/network ........................................................................................................... 20 4.6 CLASSIFICATION OF FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS .......................... 23 4.7 BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS....................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 5 – KEY FACTORS AFFECTING TECHNOLOGY CHOICES................. 27 5.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 27 5.2 WIRELESS ACCESS TECHNOLOGY..................................................................... 28 5.3 TECHNOLOGY CHOICE.......................................................................................... 28 5.4 TECHNOLOGY MODELS ........................................................................................ 28 5.5 MARKET REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 30 5.6 TECHNOLOGY CRITERIA FOR WIRELESS ACCESS......................................... 31 5.7 ACCESS ..................................................................................................................... 32 5.8 NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ACCESS NETWORK ......................................... 32 5.9 WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 33 5.10 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 6 – DEPLOYMENT PLANNING OF WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS.... 37 6.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 37 6.2 SERVICE NEEDS PLANNING................................................................................. 37 6.2.1 Functionality................................................................................................................ 37 6.2.2 Future service capabilities........................................................................................... 38 6.3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK PLANNING............................................ 38 6.3.1 Traffic carrying needs ................................................................................................. 38 6.3.2 Operations and maintenance ....................................................................................... 39 6.3.3 "Backhaul"-Network connection and integration........................................................ 40 6.4 RADIO CHARACTERISTICS AND ENGINEERING ............................................. 40 6.4.1 Subscriber density....................................................................................................... 40 6.4.2 Coverage area.............................................................................................................. 41 6.4.3 Cell planning............................................................................................................... 41 - v - Page 6.4.4 Radio propagation aspects........................................................................................... 41 6.5 SUMMARY................................................................................................................ 42 CHAPTER 7 – OVERVIEW OF FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS .................. 43 7.1 SYSTEMS BASED ON EXISTING RADIO INTERFACE STANDARDS ............. 43 7.1.1 D-AMPS/TDMA-based fixed wireless access systems .............................................. 43 7.1.2 CDMA-based wireless access systems........................................................................ 43 7.1.3 GSM-based wireless access systems........................................................................... 43 7.1.4 PHS- fixed wireless access.......................................................................................... 44 7.1.5 NMT-based wireless access systems........................................................................... 44 7.1.6 DECT-based wireless access systems ......................................................................... 44 7.1.7 AMPS-based wireless access systems......................................................................... 44 7.1.8 TACS-based wireless access systems ......................................................................... 44 7.2 SYSTEMS BASED ON PROPRIETARY RADIO INTERFACE TECHNOLOGIES ...................................................................................................... 44 7.2.1 Nortel Networks Internet fixed wireless access system .............................................. 44 7.2.2 SR Telecom SR500-s wireless access subsystem ....................................................... 45 7.2.3 TRT/Lucent Technologies IRT wireless access system.............................................. 45 7.3 BWA SYSTEMS........................................................................................................ 45 CHAPTER 8 – BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS....................................................... 47 8.1 ACCESS REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................