JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY 4 pi Issue 39, 4th Quarter 2005 JFQ JFQ coming next . JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Homeland Defense and Security plus Special Operations in the 21st Century Interagency Lessons from Afghanistan and more in issue 40, 1st Quarter 2006 of JFQ Logistics and Support ISSUE THIRTY-NINE, ISSUE THIRTY-NINE, Chairman’s Strategic JFQ Essay Contest Winners JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY 4 TH A Professional Military and Security Journal 2005 QUARTER New Series— Published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Interagency Dialogue by National Defense University Press National Defense University Washington, DC A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY AND SECURITY JOURNAL 3 pi Cov 4 Score covers 1 & 4 no greater than 3/16” from the bind Cov 1 Trim 8 3/8” x 10 7/8” Without supplies, no army is brave. —Frederick the Great, 1747 Victory is the beautiful, bright-coloured flower. Transport is the stem without which it never could have blossomed. —Sir Winston Churchill, 1899 The war has been variously termed a war of production and a war of machines. Whatever else it is, so far as the United States is concerned, it is a war of logistics. —Fleet ADM Ernest J. King, USN, 1946 Good logistics is combat power. —LTG William G. Pagonis, USA, 1992 Without supplies, no army is brave. —Frederick the Great, 1747 Victory is the beautiful, bright-coloured flower. Transport is the stem without which it never could have blossomed. —Sir Winston Churchill, 1899 The war has been variously termed a war of production and a war of machines. Whatever else it is, so far as the United States is concerned, it is a war of logistics. —Fleet ADM Ernest J. King, USN, 1946 Good logistics is combat power. —LTG William G. Pagonis, USA, 1992 JFQ A Word from the General Myers with U.S. Soldiers in Kabul, Afghanistan Combat Camera Squadron (D. Myles Cullen) Combat Camera Squadron st 1 Chairman s we progress through this fourth At the same time, I am tremendously im- year of sustained combat in the war pressed by the energy, dedication, and ingenuity on terror, I am continually aware of of all the men and women who have stepped up the enormous and varied demands to the task of fighting this high-stakes fight: Sol- Athis struggle places on our Armed Forces, our diers, Sailors, Marines, Airmen, Coastguardsmen, Nation, and our allies. The violent extremists we civilians in the Department of Defense and across battle are a tough enemy. They are agile, adaptive, the Government, and our all-important allies. and unencumbered by any boundaries—territorial The men and women of the logistics community or moral. Winning this struggle demands that we are a prime example. transform how we work together across organiza- tions, deploy, equip ourselves, train, and employ and adapt our doctrine. That is no small task for an organization of our size. (continued on page 4) issue thirty-nine / JFQ 1 ■ CONTENTS J F Q F O R U M 1 A Word from the Chairman by Richard B. Myers 10 Logistics and Support Q 12 Tsunami! Information Sharing F 7 From the Editor J by Merrick E. Krause in the Wake of Destruction by David J. Dorsett 8 From the Field and Fleet: Letters to the Editor 19 Health Service Support from the Sea Base by David A. Lane 25 Development of the Joint Logistician by Randall M. Mauldin 30 The Defense Readiness Reporting System: A New Tool for Force Management by Laura J. Junor 34 Strategic Gaming for the National Security Community by Margaret M. McCown THE CHAIRMAN’S STRATEGIC ESSAY CONTEST WINNERS 41 Al Qaeda as Insurgency PHOTO CREDITS by Michael F. Morris The cover shows Marines loading up to escort convoy to Turaybil, Iraq (2d Force Service Support Group/Brian A. Jaques). The front inside cover features [top to bottom] USS 51 A Goldwater-Nichols Act Harry S. Truman and USS Monterey being replenished at sea for the U.S. Government: by USNS Arctic (U.S. Navy/Joe Burgess); Marines guiding high mobility multipurpose vehicle off high speed vessel Westpac Institutionalizing the Express in Thailand, Operation Unified Assistance (U.S. Marine Interagency Process Corps/Patrick J. Floto); Soldiers building A–22 container delivery system with humanitarian aid in Afghanistan by Martin J. Gorman (416th Air Expeditionary Group/Scott T. Sturkol); and HH–60 and Alexander Krongard helicopter being offloaded from C–5 at Kadena Air Base, Japan (18th Communications Squadron/Michael Pallazola). The table of contents depicts [left] tsunami victims helping unload relief supplies from Navy MH–60S in Sumatra, Indonesia, Operation Unified Assistance (Fleet Combat Camera Group, 59 Guantanamo Bay: Undermining Pacific/Alan D. Monyelle); [right] Marines providing security for engineers on the Global War on Terror the Iraq-Syria border (U.S. Marine Corps/Christopher G. Graham). The back inside cover shows C–17s making low level pass near Biggs Army Air Field during by Gerard P. Fogarty Composite Force Operations training (1st Combat Camera Squadron/Matthew Hannen). The back cover reveals [top] Soldiers filing off C–130 for Quick Reaction Force exercise in Texas (U.S. Air Force/Derrick C. Goode); [left to right] 68 America’s Strategic Imperative: Sailors conducting maritime security operations in Gulf of Aden, Operation A “Manhattan Project” Iraqi Freedom (Fleet Combat Camera Group, Atlantic/Robert McRill); Coast Guardsmen patrolling cruise ship pier in Juneau, Alaska (U.S. Coast Guard/Gail for Energy Skinner); Marines patrolling in Afghanistan for Taliban insurgents (22d Marine by John M. Amidon Expeditionary Unit/Keith A. Milks); and F–16 taking off from Shaw Air Force Base, Operation Noble Eagle (20th Communications Squadron/Keri S. Whitehead). 2 JFQ / issue thirty-nine ISSUE THIRTY–NINE RECALL 78 Center of Gravity and Asymmetric Conflict: 97 Air Support of the Allied Factoring In Culture Landings in Sicily, by John W. Jandora Salerno, and Anzio by Matthew G. St. Clair 84 “Everybody Wanted Tanks”: Heavy Forces in INTERAGENCY DIALOGUE Operation Iraqi Freedom 108 Strategic Communication: by John Gordon IV and Bruce R. Pirnie A Mandate for the United States COMMENTARY by Jeffrey B. Jones 91 Cross-Functional Working Groups: Changing the OFF THE SHELF Way Staffs Are Organized 115 The Last Word: A Book Review by John S. Hurley by James Jay Carafano 116 Carnage and Culture: A Book Review by John Hillen 118 The Diffusion of Military Technology and Ideas: A Book Review by Jan M. van Tol Joint Force Quarterly Stephen J. Flanagan, PhD Calvin B. Kelley Timothy M. Sullivan Director, George C. Maerz Nassim A. Sultan Institute for National Strategic Studies Jeffrey D. Smotherman, PhD Interns Editor-in-Chief Lisa M. Yambrick Editorial Staff U.S. Government Printing Office Colonel Merrick E. Krause, USAF Creative Services Director of NDU Press Martin J. Peters, Jr. Design Editor Production Supervisor Colonel Debra Taylor, USA Deputy Director of NDU Press Managing Editor Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National Defense This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department of Defense Editor, Joint Force Quarterly University Press for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ edition of JFQ. Any copyrighted portions of this journal may not be National Defense University Press is the Chairman’s flagship joint military and security studies journal reproduced or extracted without permission of the copyright pro- 300 Fifth Avenue (Bldg. 62, Room 212) designed to inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and prietors. Joint Force Quarterly should be acknowledged whenever Fort Lesley J. McNair other partners on joint and integrated operations; national security material is quoted from or based on its content. Washington, DC 20319-5066 polity and strategy; efforts to combat terrorism; homeland secu- The last page of this issue contains information on Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325-4220 rity; and developments in training and joint professional military contributing to JFQ. Please visit NDU Press and Joint Force FAX: (202) 685-4219/DSN 325-4219 education to transform America’s military and security apparatus Quarterly online at ndupress.ndu.edu for more on upcom- Email: [email protected] to better meet tomorrow’s challenges while protecting freedom ing issues, an electronic archive of JFQ articles, and access to ISSN 1070-0692 4th Quarter, October 2005 today. NDU Press produces JFQ four times a year. The goal of NDU many other useful NDU Press publications. Constructive com- Press is to provide defense and interagency decisionmakers, allies, ments and contributions are important to us. Please direct The views expressed or implied are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect and the attentive public with attractive, balanced, and thoroughly editorial communications to the convenient electronic feedback the official policy or position of the National Defense University, the Department of researched professional publications. form on the NDU Press Web site or write to: Defense, or the U.S. Government. A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY AND SECURITY JOURNAL issue thirty-nine / JFQ 3 ■ A WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN (continued from page 1) The Joint Staff J–4 is leading a broad, far- reaching effort called Joint Theater Logistics to Joint Logistics assess our logistics capabilities, identify shortfalls, The U.S. military’s logistic capability is un- and create truly integrated solutions. Improving matched in the world. Our ability to mobilize logistics capabilities depends not just on better forces, get to the fight, and sustain operations transportation and information systems, but also underpins the national defense strategy and the on doctrine, processes, training, education, and global basing strategy. Allies, interagency partners, leadership. and nongovernmental organizations rely on this Through Joint Theater Logistics and countless logistic support as well. So transforming logistics other initiatives, logistic experts throughout the is an integral and essential part of transforming Department of Defense have signed up to provide the Armed Forces.