DOCUMENT RESUME ED 080 248 RC 007 168 AUTHOR Moore, William M., Ed.; And Others TITLE Nutrition, Growth and Development of North American Indian Children..Monograph.. INSTITUTION National Institutes of Health (DHEW), Bethesda, Md. REPORT NO DHEW-Pub-NIH-72-26 PUB DATE 72 NOTE 247p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S.. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($1.25, paper cover) EDRS PRICE MF-30.65 HC-$9.87 DESCRIPTORS *American Indians; Behavior; *Child Development; Culture; Dietetics; Eskimos; *Growth Patterns; *Health; History; Nonreservation American Indians; *Nutrition; Reservations (Indian);, Social Influences; Social Stratification ABSTRACT Recognizing the special health needs of disadvantaged minority groups, in May 1969 the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development cosponsored a conference on these needs for North American Indian children. The monograph, based on this conference, summarizes previous knowledge, provides new information, and emphasizes the role of nutrition during growth and development. Articles are in 6 parts:(1) Perspectives in North American Indian Child Health and Development; (2) Diets, Growth and Nutritional Status of North American Indians;(3) Developmental Consequences of Malnutrition; (4) Field Studies of Malnutrition and Child Development;(5) Cultural Stability and Social Change in North American Indians; and (6) Nutrition Research and. Community Service Among Native American PopulationrSubject and author indexes close the document. (KM) FILMED FROM BEST, AVAILABLE COPY FBI co: GROWT "tCD. NUTRITION, ozC°''' DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH c:ni, AMERICAN INDIAN CHILDREN Edited By WILLIAM M. MO' tE, M.D. MARJORIE M. SILVERBERG MERRILL S. READ, PH.D. U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION. WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERsON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN MING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF Based on a Conference EDUCATION POSITION OR vOLICy Cosponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Indian Health Service American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Indian Health US:DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH-, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 13ub1ic Health Service 'National Institutes of Health DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 72-26 For side by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402. Price $1.25 (paper cover) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-600202 FOREWORD Recognizing the special health needs of disadvantaged minority groups within our population, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development was glad to be able to cosponsor the Conference on Nutrition, Growth and Development of North Ameri- can Indian Children, upon which this monograph is based. The papers and discussions summarize previous knowledge, provide new information, and emphasize the role of nutrition as it interacts with other factors during growth and development. As important as the scientifil, contributions are the attitudes of the Indian representa- tives regarding the nutritional and health problems of their people and the attitudes of those who conduct research or provide service in these areas. The dialog among the researchers, clinicians and Indian representatives helped establish a deeper appreciation of human values in studies and programs which advance the under- standing of developmental processes and meet the health needs of North American Indians. We hope this monograph xvill aid scientists in the fields of nutrition, public health and anthropology, officials responsible for Indian programs, and Indian groups throughout the nation. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development sup- ports and conducts fundamental research on many of the issues dis- cussed in this monograph and welcomes the opportunity whenever possible to cooperate with other public and private agencies in activi- ties to improve the health and development of North American Indian children. GERALD D. LAVECK, M.D. Director National Institute of Child Health and Human Development PREFACE In May 1969, the National Institute of ChildHealth and Human Development, the Indian Health Service, and theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Indian Health cosponsored aConference on Nutrition, Growth andDevelopment of North American Indian Children. The conference emphasized, the broad rangeof environ- mental and cultural factors which affect thehealth and development of Indian children. Particular attention wasdevoted to Indian diets and nutritional status and to the potential consequencesof malnu- trition. Studies were reported from the UnitedStates and abroad to expand the limited body of information on thenutrition of North American Indians and to help solve some of thetheoretical and practical problems of understanding, correcting andpreventing malnutrition Representatives of Indiantribes,servicepersonnel, and researchers from the biomedical and social sciences metfor three days at the Conference Center of the College forContinuing Educa- tion, University of Oklahoma at Norman. Much livelydebate oc- curred both inside and outside of the scheduled sessions.As might be expected, the diverse backgrounds of the participantsand the tech- nical nature of some of the presentations led to an unevennessof understanding as well as differences of opinion regardingthe rele- vance or significance of particularstatements. Shifts were made in the agenda to permit extended discussion ofcontroversial matters. The Indian representatives were encouraged to presenttheir views and did so eloquently and convincingly. Candid commentsfrom most participants resulted in a better appreciation of the role ofnutrition in human development, including how the effects ofmalnutrition might be studied, prevented and treated within Indian communities. While this monograph is based on the Conference on Nutrition, Growth and Development of North American Indian Children, the papers and discussions have been rearranged togive added emphasis to the relationships among the topics. The revisedpresentations include material from the discussions supplemented byadditional information to broaden the usefulness of the monograph which we hope will serve as a basic reference on the subject. The editors are grateful for the assistance provided by mem- bers of the Indian Health Service and the Committee on Indian Health in the planning and implementation of the conference: We thank the many participants who presented papers or contributed substantially to the discussions. We especially thank the Indian representatives for their straightforward, meaningful, tand thought- provoking comments. We hope this book will focus attention on the nutrition and health problems of the children they represent and thereby stimulate constructive action on their behalf. W.M.M. M.M;S. M.S.R. vi CONFERENCE CONTRIBUTORS* Richard H. Barnes, Ph.D. Robert Hackenberg, Ph.D. Graduate School of Nutrition Department of Anthropology Cornell University University of Colorado Ithaca, New York Boulder, Colorado Alex Bryans, M.D. Mrs. LaDonna Harris Department of Pediatrics Americans for Indian Queen's University Opportunities Incorporated Kingston, Ontario, Canada Washington, D.C. William By ler Ogden Johnson, Ph.D. Association on American Indian Division of Chronic Disease Programs Affairs Regional Medical Programs Service New York, New York Health Services and Mental Health Admi n istr ltion Ciprano A. Canosa, M.D. Bethesda Maryland Instituto de Nutricien de Centro America y Panama David J. Kallen, Ph.D. Guatemala City, Central America Growth and Development Branch National Institute of Child Tlealth William K. Carlile, M.D. and Human Development Phoenix Area Indian Health Service Bethesda, Maryland Phoenix, Arizona Margaret Lantis, Ph.D. Joaquin Cravioto, M.D. Department of Anthropology Department of Nutrition II University of Kentucky Hospital Infartil de Mexico Lexington, Kentucky Mexico D.F., Mexico William J. McGanity, M.D. James L. Dennis, M.D. Department of Obstetrics and Vice President for Medical Affairs Gyrecology University of Oklahoma University of Texas Medical Branch Medical Center Galveston, Texas Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Jack Metcoff, M.D. St Ailey M. Garn, Ph.D. Department of Pediatrics Center for Human Growth and University of Oklahoma Development Medical Center University of Michigan Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Ann Arbor, Michigan William M. Moore, M.D. Nance L. Gonzalez, Ph.D. Growth and Development Branch Department of Anthropology National Institute of Child Health University of New Mexico and Human Development Albuquerque, New Mexico Bethesda, Maryland * Affiliations as of the time of the conference vii Helen Ger Olson, Ph.D. Henry Ricciuti, Ph.D. Indian Health Service Department of Human Development Health Services and Mental and Family Studies Health Administration Cornell University Rockville, Maryland Ithaca, New York George M. Owen, M.D. Harris D. Riley, Jr., M.D. Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Children's Hospital Ohio State University University of Oklahoma Columbus, Ohio Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Ernesto Pollitt, Ph.D. Kenneth D. Rogers, M.D. Department of Pediatrics Department of Community Medicine Yale University School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh New Haven, Connecticut Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Erwin S. Rabeau, M.D. A. Kimball Romney, Ph.D. Indian Health Service Department of Anthropology Health Services and Mental