bulletin of yale university Periodicals postage paid university bulletin of yale New Haven ct 06520-8227 New Haven, Connecticut Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Programs and Policies 2002–2003 August 20, 2002 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences bulletin of yale university Series 98 Number 10 August 20, 2002 Bulletin of Yale University The University is committed to basing judgments concerning the admission, education, and employ- ment of individuals upon their qualifications and abilities and affirmatively seeks to attract to its faculty, Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University, staff, and student body qualified persons of diverse backgrounds. In accordance with this policy and as PO Box 208227, New Haven ct 06520-8227 delineated by federal and Connecticut law, Yale does not discriminate in admissions, educational pro- grams, or employment against any individual on account of that individual’s sex, race, color, religion, age, disability, status as a special disabled veteran, veteran of the Vietnam era, or other covered veteran, PO Box 208230, New Haven ct 06520-8230 or national or ethnic origin; nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. Periodicals postage paid at New Haven, Connecticut University policy is committed to affirmative action under law in employment of women, minority group members, individuals with disabilities, special disabled veterans, veterans of the Vietnam era, and Issued sixteen times a year: one time a year in May, November, and December; two times other covered veterans. a year in June and September; three times a year in July; six times a year in August Inquiries concerning these policies may be referred to Frances A. Holloway, Director of the Office for Equal Opportunity Programs, 104 W. L. Harkness Hall, 203.432.0849. Managing Editor: Linda Koch Lorimer In accordance with both federal and state law, the University maintains information concerning current Editor: David J. Baker security policies and procedures and prepares an annual crime report concerning crimes committed Editorial and Publishing Office: 175 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut within the geographical limits of the University. Upon request to the Office of the Secretary of the Publication number (usps 078-500) University, PO Box 208230, New Haven ct 06520-8230, 203.432.2310, the University will provide such information to any applicant for admission. Printed in Canada In accordance with federal law, the University prepares an annual report on participation rates, financial support, and other information regarding men’s and women’s intercollegiate athletic programs. Upon The closing date for material in this bulletin was June 10, 2002. request to the Director of Athletics, PO Box 208216, New Haven ct 06520-8216, 203.432.1414, the The University reserves the right to withdraw or modify the courses of instruction or to change University will provide its annual report to any student or prospective student. the instructors at any time. Offices Serving Graduate Students ©2002 by Yale University. All rights reserved. The material in this bulletin may not be reproduced, police emergency: Dial 111 from any University telephone in whole or in part, in any form, whether in print or electronic media, without written permission health emergency: 432.0123 from Yale University. graduate housing office: 432.2167 420 Temple Street (Information about all housing for graduate students) graduate-professional student center Cover: Hall of Graduate Studies. Photo by Harold Shapiro : 432.2638 204 York Street (GYPSY bar; social activities) graduate-professional student senate: 432.2632 Graduate School Offices 204 York Street (Forum for discussion and representation of graduate and professional Admissions 432.2773; [email protected] student concerns.) graduate student assembly Alumni Relations 432.1942; [email protected] : 432.8893; www.yale.edu/assembly graduate student dossier service: 432.8850 Dean 432.2733; susan.hockfi[email protected] 320 York Street (Maintains dossier files.) Finance and Administration 432.2739; [email protected] international center: 432.6460 Financial Aid 432.2739; [email protected] 442 Temple Street (An educational and social center serving all international students, faculty, General Information Office 432.2770; [email protected] and staff.) Graduate Career Services 432.2583; [email protected] office of international students and scholars: 432.2305 McDougal Graduate Student Center 432.2583; [email protected] 246 Church Street (Assists all international students and scholars with immigration matters.) Registrar (Deputy) 432.2743; [email protected] office of student financial services: 432.2700 Te aching Fellow Preparation 246 Church Street (Processes bills for tuition and other fees, disburses loans administered by and Development 432.2583; [email protected] the Graduate School.) payroll department Teaching Fellow Program 432.2757; [email protected] : 432.5408 155 Whitney Avenue (Disburses fellowship, traineeship, and assistantship stipends.) Working at Teaching Program 432.1198; [email protected] student employment office: 432.0167 246 Church Street (Assists students in obtaining part-time employment both inside and outside Internet: www.yale.edu/graduateschool the University.) student loan office: 432.2727 Copies of this publication may be obtained from Graduate School Student Services and Reception 246 Church Street (Processes federal loans authorized by the Graduate School Financial Aid Office, Yale University, PO Box 208236, New Haven ct 06520-8236. Cost is $5.00 (U.S.), prepaid. Office. Handles questions about repayment of student loans.) university health service: 432.0246 [urgent visit: 432.0123] The text has been printed on recycled paper. 17 Hillhouse Avenue (Concerned with all health problems of member students and dependents. 24-hour coverage for emergency problems is available throughout the calendar year.) university police: 432.4400 Phelps Gateway, Old Campus (Any student arrested by the New Haven Police Department for other than minor traffic violation should immediately contact the Chief of the University Police Dept. at 432.4407.) Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Programs and Policies 2002–2003 bulletin of yale university Series 98 Number 10 August 20, 2002 Contents The President and Fellows of Yale University 7 The Officers of Yale University 8 The Administration of the Graduate School 8 Calendar 9 A Message from the Dean 10 The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 11 Resources for Research and Study 11 The Dean 12 The Associate Deans 12 The Assistant Deans 13 Office for Diversity and Equal Opportunity 13 Directors of Graduate Studies 13 Teaching 14 The McDougal Graduate Student Center 14 Office of Finance and Administration 16 Office of Graduate Admissions 16 Registrar’s Office 17 Committees 17 Graduate Student Assembly 18 Departments and Programs 19 African American Studies 20 African Studies 27 American Studies 32 Anthropology 39 Applied Mathematics 48 Applied Physics 50 Archaeological Studies 51 Astronomy 55 Atmospheric Science 58 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Combined Program in the 59 Biology 62 Biomedical Engineering 63 Biostatistics 64 Cell Biology 65 Cellular and Molecular Physiology 68 Chemical Engineering 71 Chemistry 72 Classics 77 Comparative Literature 84 4 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Computer Science 91 East Asian Languages and Literatures 96 East Asian Studies 105 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 107 Economic History 113 Economics 114 Electrical Engineering 122 Engineering and Applied Science 123 English Language and Literature 136 Environmental Engineering, Program in 143 Epidemiology and Public Health 144 European Studies, Council on 158 Experimental Pathology 160 Film Studies 164 Forestry & Environmental Studies 167 French 170 Genetics 175 Geology and Geophysics 179 Germanic Languages and Literatures 185 History 189 History of Art 202 History of Medicine and Science 209 Immunobiology 214 International and Development Economics 217 International Relations 218 Investigative Medicine 225 Italian Language and Literature 228 Judaic Studies 232 Latin American and Iberian Studies, Council on 233 Linguistics 235 Management 242 Mathematics 245 Mechanical Engineering 248 Medieval Studies 249 Microbiology 251 Middle East Studies, Council on 254 Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry 256 Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology 262 Music 268 Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations 272 Neurobiology 280 Neuroscience 283 Pharmacology 288 Philosophy 291 Contents 5 Physics 296 Political Science 301 Psychology 313 Religious Studies 325 Renaissance Studies 332 Russian and East European Studies 335 Slavic Languages and Literatures 337 Sociology 341 Southeast Asia Studies, Council on 347 Spanish and Portuguese 349 Statistics 353 The Whitney Seminars 358 Women’s and Gender Studies 359 Research Institutes 361 The Cowles Foundation 361 The Economic Growth Center 361 The Center for Religion and American Life 362 Institution for Social and Policy Studies 362 International Security Studies 363 Yale Center for International and Area Studies 364 Policies and Regulations 365 Admissions 365 Programs of Study 366 Full-Time Degree Candidacy Part-Time Study Nondegree Study Interdisciplinary Study Combined and Joint-Degree Programs Exchange Scholar Program International Graduate Student Exchange Agreements Summer Study Postdoctoral Study Degree Requirements 370 Requirements for the Degree of Doctor