INDEX OF PLANT DISEASES IN SOUTH CAROLINA Third Edition James H. Blake, Ed.D. State Coordinator SC Master Gardener Program SC Master Naturalist Program Meg Williamson, M.S. Plant Disease Diagnostician PREFACE The first edition of the Index of Plant Diseases in South Carolina published in 2008 listed the plant diseases occurring on cultivated and native plants in SC as reported from plant samples submitted to the Clemson University Plant Problem Clinic between 1972 and 2006, with the addition of disease reports from Extension and research plant pathologists across SC. The second edition included data from 2007 through 2011, adding 85 new host plants and 634 new diagnoses. This third edition includes disease reports from 2012 through 2014, adding 54 new host plants and 350 new diagnoses. The Index now contains 1,041 genera and species of plants from 124 plant families with 1,573 common names. There are 5,727 disease reports with 4,712 diseases being caused by fungi, 442 diseases caused by nematodes, 380 diseases caused by bacteria, 247 diseases caused by viruses, 20 diseases caused by algae, 3 diseases caused lichens, 1 disease caused by a phytoplasma, and 1 disease caused by a viroid. No attempt has been made to update the binomial nomenclature of either plants or plant pathogens listed in this publication. This index lists the plants and their pathogens as taken from the sample submission forms and the reports generated by the various Clemson University plant pathologists. This index does not imply that it is a complete list of the diseases of plants in South Carolina. New plants as well as new plant pathogens are continually being introduced into the United States. The Index is arranged so that plant families are listed alphabetically. Within each plant family is an alphabetical listing of plant species. Plant pathogens found on each plant are then listed under pathogen categories – algae, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, phytoplasmas, viroids and viruses. New to this edition is a series of indices to the common and Latin binomials (genus species) of plants, plant family names, common names of plant diseases, and Latin binomials of the disease-causing organisms (algae, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, phytoplasmas, viruses and viroids) found in this publication. This publication will serve as a useful reference for anyone interested in plant diseases, including county Extension agents, diagnosticians, students, Master Gardeners, Master Naturalists, and Department of Plant Industry personnel. First edition 2008 Blake, James H., Williamson, M. and Ellingson, K. Second edition June 2012 Blake, James H., and Williamson, M. Third edition November 2015 Blake, James H., and Williamson, M. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Index of Plant Diseases in South Carolina ...........................................................................4 Index to the Genera and Species of Plants .......................................................................142 Index to the Common Names of Plants ...........................................................................152 Index to the Plant Families ..............................................................................................162 Index to the Common Names of Plant Diseases ..............................................................164 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Algae ...........................................172 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria .......................................173 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Fungi ...........................................174 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Lichens ........................................182 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Nematodes ...................................183 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Phytoplasmas ..............................184 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Viroids .........................................185 Index to the Genera and Species of Plant Pathogenic Viruses ........................................186 3 ACANTHACEAE Acer japonicum (Japanese Maple) Aphelandra justicia (Zebra Plant) FUNGI FUNGI Botryodiplodia sp. — Botryodiplodia dieback Kabatiella apocrypta — Anthracnose Botrytis sp. — Botrytis leaf spot Phomopsis sp. — Phomopsis dieback Phyllosticta sp. — Phyllosticta leaf spot Phytophthora sp. — Phytophthora root rot Justicia brandegeana (Shrimp Plant) Pythium sp. — Pythium root rot FUNGI Acer negundo (Box Elder) Sclerotium rolfsii — Southern blight FUNGI Justicia sp. (Water Willow) Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria canker Colletotrichum sp. — Anthracnose FUNGI Gloeosporium sp. — Anthracnose Phomopsis sp. — Phomopsis canker Cercospora sp. — Cercospora leaf spot Acer palmatum (Cutleaf Japanese Maple) Ruellia brittoniana (Mexican Petunia) FUNGI FUNGI Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria dieback and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum — White mold canker Thunbergia sp. (Thunbergia) Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple) FUNGI FUNGI Alternaria sp. — Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria sp. — Alternaria leaf spot Pythium sp. — Pythium root rot Apiognomonia sp. — Anthracnose Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ACERACEAE Cercospora sp. — Cercospora leaf spot Colletotrichum gloeosporioides — Colletotrichum dieback Acer barbatum (Southern Sugar Maple, Florida Colletotrichum sp. — Anthracnose, Colletotrichum Maple) stem decay Coniothyrium sp. — Coniothyrium canker and FUNGI dieback Discula sp. — Discula anthracnose Colletotrichum sp. — Colletotrichum leaf spot, Fusicoccum sp. — Fusicoccum canker and dieback Anthracnose Gloeosporium sp. — Gloeosporium leaf spot Kabatiella apocrypta — Anthracnose Pestalotia sp. — Pestalotia leaf spot Acer buergeranum (Trident Maple) Phoma sp. — Phoma canker and dieback Phomopsis sp. — Phomopsis dieback, canker, stem BACTERIA canker and twig dieback Phyllosticta sp. — Phyllosticta leaf spot Xylella fastidiosa — Bacterial leaf scorch Phytophthora cinnamomi — Phytophthora root rot 4 Phytophthora sp. — Phytophthora root and crown Pythium sp. — Pythium root rot rot Rhizoctonia sp. — Rhizoctonia root rot Pythium sp. — Pythium root rot Rhytisma acerinum — Tar spot Sphaeropsis sp. — Sphaeropsis dieback and canker Septoria sp. — Septoria leaf spot Uncinula bicornis — Powdery mildew Uncinula sp. — Powdery mildew Acer palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’ (Coral Bark Maple) Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple) FUNGI FUNGI Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria canker Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria canker Colletotrichum sp. — Anthracnose, Colletotrichum Acer platanoides (Norway Maple) leaf spot Cristulariella depraedans — Cristulariella leaf FUNGI spot Discula sp. — Anthracnose Phyllosticta sp. — Phyllosticta leaf spot Gloeosporium apocryptum — Anthracnose Gloeosporium sp. — Anthracnose Phyllosticta minima — Phyllosticta leaf spot Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore Maple) Phyllosticta sp. — Purple-bordered leaf spot, Phyllosticta leaf spot FUNGI Rhytisma acerinum — Tar spot Apiognomonia veneta — Anthracnose Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) Acer rubrum (Red Maple) BACTERIA BACTERIA Xylella fastidiosa — Bacterial leaf scorch Enterobacter cloacae — Bacterial wetwood FUNGI Xylella fastidiosa — Bacterial leaf scorch Apiognomonia sp. — Anthracnose FUNGI Colletotrichum graminicola — Anthracnose Colletotrichum sp. — Anthracnose Actinopelte sp. — Actinopelte leaf spot Discula sp. — Discula anthracnose Ascochyta sp. — Ascochyta leaf spot Kabatiella sp. — Anthracnose Botryosphaeria dothidea — Botryosphaeria canker Monostichella sp. — Monostichella leaf spot Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria dieback and Phomopsis sp. — Phomopsis canker canker Phyllosticta sp. — Phyllosticta leaf spot Colletotrichum sp. — Anthracnose Phytophthora cinnamomi — Phytophthora root rot Cristulariella moricola — Zonate leaf spot Phytophthora sp. — Phytophthora root rot Cristulariella pyramidalis — Zonate leaf spot Pythium sp. — Pythium root rot Cylindrosporium sp. — Cylindrosporium leaf spot Septoria sp. — Septoria leaf spot Discula sp. — Anthracnose Verticillium sp. — Verticillium wilt Gloeosporium sp. — Gloeosporium leaf spot Hypoxylon sp. — Hypoxylon canker Kabatiella sp. — Anthracnose Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum (Black Maple) Macrophomina sp. — Charcoal rot Phomopsis sp. — Phomopsis canker FUNGI Phyllosticta minima — Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta sp. — Purple-bordered leaf spot, Phyllosticta sp. — Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta leaf spot Pilidium sp. — Pilidium leaf spot 5 Acer x freemanii (Freeman’s Maple) FUNGI FUNGI Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria dieback Cylindrocladium crotolariae — Cylindrocladium Fusarium sp. — Fusarium canker root rot Pythium sp. — Pythium root rot Cylindrocladium sp. — Cylindrocladium root rot Fusarium oxysporum — Fusarium wilt Fusarium sp. — Fusarium root rot Acer sp. (Maple) Phomopsis sp. — Phomopsis canker Phyllosticta sp. — Phyllosticta leaf spot FUNGI Phytophthora cinnamomi — Phytophthora root rot Pythium sp. — Pythium root rot Armillaria sp. — Armillaria root rot Rhizoctonia sp. — Rhizoctonia root rot Ascochyta sp. — Ascochyta leaf spot Sclerotium rolfsii — Southern blight Botryosphaeria sp. — Botryosphaeria dieback and canker NEMATODES Ceratocystis caerulescens — Sap streak Cercospora sp. — Cercospora leaf spot Meloidogyne sp. — Root-knot nematode Cladosporium humile — Cladosporium leaf spot Colletotrichum acutatum — Anthracnose Colletotrichum sp. — Anthracnose AIZOACEAE Coniothyrium sp. — Coniothyrium leaf spot Cylindrosporium sp. — Cylindrosporium