ATHI WATER WORKS DEVELOPMENT AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR KINALE DAM WATER PROJECT In KIAMBU COUNTY February 2021 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 PROJECT COST ................................................................................................................................................. 15 1.4 THE PROPONENT .............................................................................................................................................. 15 1.5 ESIA JUSTIFICATION......................................................................................................................................... 16 1.6 THE EIA OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................... 16 1.7 ESIA APPROACH OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................... 17 1.7.1 Key Areas of Focus ............................................................................................................................... 17 1.7.2 ESIA Scoping Activities......................................................................................................................... 17 1.7.3 Stakeholders Participation .................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 2: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................................. 18 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 18 2.2 ALTERNATIVE OF “WITHOUT PROJECT” ............................................................................................................ 18 2.3 ALTERNATIVE DAM SITES ................................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.1 Dam Site 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 20 2.3.2 Dam Site ‘2’ ............................................................................................................................................ 22 2.3.3 Dam Site ‘3’ ............................................................................................................................................ 24 2.3.4 Dam Site ‘4’ ............................................................................................................................................ 26 2.3.5 Analysis and Comparison of Identified Sites ..................................................................................... 28 2.3.6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER 3: POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................... 30 3.1 AN OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 POLICY PROVISIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2.1 National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) ........................................................................................ 30 3.2.2 National Policy on Water Resources Management and Development .......................................... 30 3.2.3 Sessional Paper No. 6 of 1999 on Environment and Sustainable Development ......................... 31 3.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................................................................... 31 3.3.1 The Environmental Management and Coordination (Amendment) Act (EMCA), 2015 ............... 31 3.3.2 Environmental Management Regulations .......................................................................................... 32 3.3.3 The Water Act 2016 .............................................................................................................................. 34 3.3.4 Water Resources Management Rules, 2007 ..................................................................................... 35 3.3.5 The Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013 ................................................................... 35 3.3.6 The Forest Conservation and Management Act, 2016 .................................................................... 36 3.3.7 Land Related Acts ................................................................................................................................. 36 3.3.8 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007 ........................................................................................ 39 3.3.9 The Penal Code (Cap. 63) ................................................................................................................... 39 3.3.10 Public Health Act (Cap 242) ................................................................................................................. 39 3.3.11 The Physical and Land Use Planning Act, 2019 ............................................................................... 40 3.3.12 The County Governments Act 2012 .................................................................................................... 40 3.3.13 Employment Act ..................................................................................................................................... 40 KINALE DAM WATER PROJECT Environment and Social Impact Assessment Study Report 3.3.14 Work Injury Benefits Act (WIBA).......................................................................................................... 40 3.4 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE WATER SECTOR ..................................................................................... 41 3.4.1 Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB) .................................................................................. 42 3.4.2 Water Resources Authority (WRA) ..................................................................................................... 42 3.4.3 Water Services Trust Fund (WSTF) .................................................................................................... 43 3.4.4 Water Works Development Agencies (WWDAs) .............................................................................. 43 3.4.5 Water Services Providers (WSPs) ...................................................................................................... 43 3.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NEMA) ...................................................................... 43 3.6 SECTORAL INTEGRATION .................................................................................................................................. 43 3.7 PROJECT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE ..................................................................................... 44 3.7.1 Contractor ............................................................................................................................................... 44 3.7.2 Supervisor ............................................................................................................................................... 44 3.7.3 AWWDA Environmental Management Unit ....................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .................................................................................................... 45 4.1 LOCATION .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 4.2 ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING ................................................................................................................................ 46 4.3 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ........................................................................................................................................ 46 4.4 PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND NATURAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 46 4.4.1 Physical & Topographic Features ....................................................................................................... 46 4.4.2 Ecological Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 47 4.4.3 Climatic Conditions ................................................................................................................................ 47 4.4.4 Details of River/Water