HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND CAVITATION VOLUME I HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND CAVITATION Proceedings of the XVIII JAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Cavitation WIRe r-v rv .AJRH VOLUMEI Edited by E. CABRERA, V. ESPERT and F. MARTfNEZ Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain Polytechnic Universi1y of Valencia Hydraulic and Environmental Eng. Dept. FLUID MECHANICS GROUP Co-sponsors: I :11-1 111- ][ --.-----·~-~- REE Centro dlnWol y uperintet~t.:IOn..... ••••pUbfic .. II RED ELECTRICA IBERDROLA Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-94-010-9387-3 ISBN 978-94-010-9385-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-9385-9 Printedon acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1996 bySpringer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements XVll Preface xix Foreword xxi VOLUME I INVITED LECTURES The hydroelectricity in the world-Present and future. Brekke, H. 3 Analysis of transients caused by hydraulic machinery. Chaudhry, M.H. 17 Some present trends in hydraulic machinery research. Fanelli, M. 23 Rapid prototyping of hydraulic machinery. Schilling R., Riede[, N., Bader, R., Ascherbrenner, T., Weber, Ch., Fernandez, A. 40 Fluid transients in flexible piping systems. A perspective on recent developments Wiggert, D.C. 58 SYMPOSIUM CONTRffiUTIONS GROUP 1 HYDRAULIC TURBINES. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 1. 1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS A decision aid system for hydraulic power station refurbishment procedure. Bellet, L., Parkinson, E. Avellan, F., Cousot, T., Laperrousaz, E. 71 A three dimensional spiral casing Navier-Stokes flow simulation. Bruttin, C.H., Kueny, J.L., Boyer, B., Heon, K,. Vu, T.C. and Parkinson, E. 81 Tip clearance flow in turbomachines- experimental flow analysis. Ciocan, G.D. and Kueny, J.L. 91 vi Numerical prediction of hydraulic Iosses in the spiral casing of a Francis turbine. Drtina, P. and Sebestyen, A. 101 Improvements of a graphical method for calculation of flow on a Pelton bucket. Hana, M. 111 Flow behavior and performance of draft tubes for bulb turbines. Kanemoto, T.,Uno, M., Nemoto, M., and Kashiwabara, T. 120 Performance analysis of draft tube for GAMM francis turbine. Kubota, T., Han, F., and Avellan, F. 130 ModeHing complex draft-tube flows using near-wall turbulence closures. Ventikos, Y., Sotiropoulos, F. and Patel, V.C. 140 1.2 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC MACillNERY Fluid flow interactions in hydraulic machinery. Aschenbrenner, T., Riedel, N. and Schilling, R. 150 Numerical optirnization of high head pump-turbines Buchmaicher, H,. Quaschnowitz, B., Moser, W. and Klemm, D. 160 Numerical hill chart prediction by means of CFD stage simulation for a complete Francis turbine. Keck, H. Drtina, P. and Siek, M. 170 Development of a new generation of high head pump-turbines, Guangzhou II. Klemm, D., Jaeger, E.U., and Hauff, C. 180 Development of integrated CAE tools for design assessment and analysis of hydraulic turbines. Masse, B,. Pastorel, H. and Magnan, R. 190 Design and analysis of a two stage pump turbine Mazzouji, F. , Francois, M. Hebrard, F., Houdeline, B. and Bazin, D. 200 Study of high speed and high head reversible pump-turbine Nakamura, T., Nishizawa, H., Yasuda, M., Suzuki, T. and Tanaka, H. 210 vii Analysis of the performance of a bulb turbine using 3-D viscous numerical techniques Qian, Y., Suzuki, R. and Arakawa, C. 220 Analysis of the inlet reverse flows in a pump turbine using 3-D viscous numerical techniques Qian, Y., Suzuki, R. and Arakawa, C. 230 Importance of interaction between turbine components in flow field simulation Riedelbauch, S,. Klemm, D. and Hauff, C. 238 From components to complete turbine numerical simulation Sabourin, M., Labrecque, Y. and de Henau, V. 248 Validation of a stage calculation in a Francis turbine Siek M., Casey, M. V. and Galpin, P.F. 257 Simulation of flow through Francis turbine by LES method Song, C.C.S., Xiangying, Ch., Ikohagi,T., Sato, 1., Shinmei, K. and Tani, K. 267 Simulation of flow through pump-turbine Song, C.C.S., Changsi, C., Ikohagi,T., Sato, 1., Shinmei, K. and Tani, K. 277 1.3 LOSS ANALYSIS AND SCALE EFFECTS The scale effect in Kaplan turbines. New relationships for the calculation of scalable and non-scalable hydraulic Iosses and of the coefficient V. Anton, I.M. 284 Analysis of Iosses in hydraulic turbines. Brekke, H. 294 Scaling-up head discharge characteristics from model to prototype. Couston, M. and Philibert, R. 304 Recent development of studies on scale effect !da, T., Kubota,T. , Kurokawa, 1. and Tanaka, H. 313 Prediction of scalable loss in Francis runners of different specific speed Kitahora, T., 1urokawa, 1., Matumoto, M. and Suzuki, R. 323 viii Scale effect of jet interference in multinozzle Pelton turbines Nakanishi, Y. and Kubota, T. 333 Further development of step-up formula considering surface roughness Nichtawitz, A. 342 Numerical simulations of jet in a Pelton turbine. Nonoshita, T. , Matsumoto, Y., Kubota,T. and Ohashi, H. 352 An assessment of the loss distribution in Francis turbines Suzuki, R., Qian, Y., Kitahora, T. and Kurokawa, J. 361 GROUP 2. HYDRAULIC PUMPS Unsteady flow calculation in a centrifugal pump using a finite element method. Bert, P.F., Combes, J.F. and Kueny, J.L. 371 Steady and unsteady flow pattem between stay and guide vanes in a pump-turbine Ciocan, G., Kueny, J. L. and Mesquita, A.L.A. 381 Self-sustained oscillation of gas-liquid flow in a centrifugal pump with semi-open impeller Kurokawa, J., Matsui, J., Takada, H. and Hirayama, T. 391 Measurements in the dynamic pressure fteld of the volute of a centrifugal pump Parrondo, J.L., Fernandez, J., Santolaria, C. and Gonzalez, J. 401 Functional modelling of pump volute geometry Thackray, P.R. and James, R.D. 411 Analysis of flow measurements in the impeller and vaned diffuser of a centrifugal pump operating at part Ioad. Toussaint, M. and Bureau, F. 419 Influence of the blade roughness on the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump. A viscous analysis Undreiner, S. and Dueymes, E. 428 Improvement of performance of centrifugal pumps based on computational and theoretical methods and experimental design Vinokurov, A.F., Volkov, A.V., Morgunov, G.M. and Pankratov, S.N. 438 ix Liquid-particulate two-phase flow in centrifugal impeller by turbulent simulation Wu, Y., Dai, 1., Mei, Z., Oba, S. and lkoagi, T. 445 GROUP 3. HYDRAULIC ELEMENTS. DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOUR. Application of the method of kinetic balance for flow passages forming. Benisek, M., Cantrak, S., lgnatovic, B. and Pokrajac, D. 455 Dynamics of large hydrogenerators. Brito, G.C., Weber, H.l. and Fuerst, A.G.A. 464 Instabilities in a flow-control valve. Cigada, A., Guadagnini, A. and Orsi, E. 474 Study of stayvane vibration by hydroelastic model. Deniau, J.L. 484 Study of dynamic behaviour of non-retum valves. Franrois, P. 494 Optimum hydraulic design of two-way inlet conduit of Wangyuhe pumping station Linguang, L., Jiren, Z. and Rentian, Z. 504 Flow analysis for the intake of low-head hydro power plants Ruprecht, A., Maihofer, M. and Gode, E. 514 GROUP 4. CAVITATION AND SAND EROSION Efficiency alteration of Francis turbines by travelling bubble cavitation. Arn, Ch., Dupont, Ph. and Avellan, F. 524 Cavitation erosion prediction on Francis turbines - Part 1. Measurements on the prototype. Bourdon, P., Pfarhat, M., Simoneau, R., Pereira, F., Dupont, P., Avellan, F. and Dorey, I.M. 534 Determination of critical cavitation Iimit in the pressure control devices. Castorani, A., De Martino, G. and Fratino, U. 544 X Stability of air cavities in tip vortices. Crespo, A., Castro, F., Manuel, F. and Fruman, D.H. 554 Cavitation erosion prediction on Francis turbines - Part 3 Methodologies of prediction. Dorey, J.M., Laperrousaz, E., Avellan, F., Dupont, P., Simoneau, R. and Bourdon, P. 564 Cavitation erosion prediction on Francis turbines - Part 2. Model test and flow analysis. Dupont, P.H., Caron, J.F., Avellan, F., Bourdon, P., Lavigne, M., Farhat, M., Simoneau, R., Dorey, J.M., Archer, A., Laperrousaz, E. and Couston, M. 574 Impact of vapour production and cavity dynamics on the estimation of thermal effects in cavitation. Fruman, D.H., Reboud, J.L. and Stutz, B. 584 Aireation versus cavitation in dam spillways: self-aeration and artificial aeration (aerators). Gutierrez , R. 594 Leading edge cavitation in a centrifugal pump: Numerical predictions compared with model tests Hirschi, R., Dupont, P.H., Avellan, F., Favre, J.N., Guelich, F., and Handloser, W. 604 The relation between erosion ripples on the wetted surface of hydraulic turbine and instability waves in the turbulent boundary layer Huang, S. and Cheng, L. 614 Acoustic method and its applications on measuring and judging cavitation of hydraulic turbine. Kehuang, L. and Chun, Y. 622 Numerical simulation for dilute sandy water flow in plane cascade Liu, X.B., Zeng, Q.C. and Zhang, L.D. 632 Review of research on abrasion and cavitation of silt-laden flows through hydraulic turbines in China Mei, Z. and Wu, Y. 641 Effect of the leading edge design on sheet cavitation araund a blade section Reboud, J.L., Rebattet, C. and More[, P. 651 xi VOLUME II GROUP 5. HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS RELATED WITH HYDRAULIC MACIDNERY AND PLANTS Optimal closure of a valve for minimizing waterhammer. Abreu, J., Cabrera, E., Garcia-Serra, J. and L6pez, P.A. 661 Qualitative flow visualizations during fast start-up of centrifugal pumps. Barrand, J.P.