POST-EARTHQUAKE RAPID FOOD SECURI TY ASSESSMENT MARCH 2006 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND MAPPING (VAM) UNIT WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME, PAKISTAN Rapid Food Security Assessment, March 2006 World Food Programme, Pakistan © 2006 United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) # 3, St.-2, F-8/3, Islamabad, Pakistan Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) Unit Chief: Sahib Haq Tel: +92-51-111-937937/3544 Email: [email protected] POST-EARTHQUAKE RAPID FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT – MARCH 2006 Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of Annexure i List of Tables ii List of Figures ii List of Maps ii Abbreviations and Acronyms iii Acknowledgments iv Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Background 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Response to the Disaster 3 1.3 Civil Society Response 3 1.4 International Community Response 4 2. Objective 4 3. Methodology 4 4. Findings 4 4.1 Population 5 4.2 Economic Losses 6 4.3 Losses of Manpower 6 4.4 Damages to Houses 7 4.5 Livelihoods 8 4.5.1 Agriculture 9 4.5.2 Livestock 10 4.5.3 Off-farm Activities 11 4.6 Education 12 4.7 Health 12 4.8 Availability of Potable Water 13 4.9 Communication 13 4.10 Market Prices of Food Commodities 15 4.11 Level of Poverty 16 4.12 Ownership or Movement of Vehicles 16 4.13 Usage of Technology 17 5. Problems and Priorities of the Communities 17 6. Food Insecurity 19 6.1 Transient Food Insecurity 19 6.2 Overall Food Insecurity 20 7. Recommendations 20 Annexes Annex 1 Schools Damaged by Earthquake 35 Annex 2 Health Facilities Damaged by Earthquake 36 Annex 3 Food Insecurity Ranking of Union Councils 37 Annex 4 Proposed WFP beneficiaries 42 Annex 5 Community Priorities ( First) 44 Annex 6 Community Priorities (First) 45 Annex 7 Community Priorities (All) 46 Annex 8 Community Priorities (All) 47 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND MAPPING (VAM) UNIT, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME i POST-EARTHQUAKE RAPID FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT – MARCH 2006 List of Tables Table 1 Total Population in Earthquake Affected Areas 5 Table 2 Deaths Caused by Earthquake 2005 6 Table 3 Injured by Earthquake 2005 7 Table 4 Houses Destroyed by Earthquake 2005 8 Table 5 Decrease in Wheat Crop Area by Earthquake 2005 10 Table 6 Number of Livestock ( Cow Equivalent) Deaths Caused by Earthquake 2005 10 Table 7 Primary Schools Collapsed by Earthquake 2005 12 Table 8 Distance from Tehsil to Union Council 13 Table 9 Poor Access in Earthquake Affected Areas 14 Table 10 Correlation of Distance with Market Prices 15 Table 11 Food Insecurity in Earthquake Affected Areas 20 List of Figures Figure 1 Loss of Household Capability 7 Figure 2 Average Monthly Income 11 Figure 3 Labour Workers 11 Figure 4 Schools Complete Damage 12 Figure 5 Households having access to Piped Water Before & After Earthquake 2005 13 Figure 6 Access and Communication 14 Figure 7 Union Councils with %age of Kacha houses 16 Figure 8 Vehicles Ownership & Movement 16 Figure 9 Technology Usage 17 Figure 10 Priorities of Communities 17 Figure 11 Major Priorities in Earthquake Affected Areas 18 Figure 12 First Priority 18 Figure 13 Transient Food Insecurity in Earthquake Affected Areas 19 List of Maps Map 1 Population in Earthquake Affected Areas 23 Map 2 Deaths in Earthquake Affected Areas 24 Map 3 Injured Persons in Earthquake Affected Areas 25 Map 4 Houses completely damaged in Earthquake Affected Areas 26 Map 5 Decrease in Wheat Crop Area (%) 27 Map 6 Live Stock Losses in Earthquake Affected Areas 28 Map 7 Percentage of Schools damaged due to earthquake 29 Map 8 Unavailability of Piped Water in Earthquake Affected Areas 30 Map 9 Access in Earthquake Affected Areas 31 Map 10 Kacha Houses in Earthquake Affected Areas 32 Map 11 Transient Food Insecurity in Earthquake Affected Areas 33 Map 12 Overall Food Insecurity in Earthquake Affected Areas 34 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND MAPPING (VAM) UNIT, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME ii POST-EARTHQUAKE RAPID FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT – MARCH 2006 GLOSSARY & ACRONYMS AJK Azad Jammu Kashmir CCA Common Country Assessment EQ Earthquake ERRA Earthquake Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Authority FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FFW Food-for-Work GDP Gross Domestic Product GFD Gross Fiscal Deficit GIS Geographic Information System HH House Hold HMIS National Health Management Information System (Pakistan) ILO International Labour Organization JBIC Japan Bank for International Organization Km Kilo-meter MCH Mother and Child Healthcare MINFAL Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock MT Metric Ton NGOs Non- Governmental Organizations NNS National Nutrition Survey NWFP North West Frontier Province OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination for Humanitarian Affairs PAK Pakistan Administered Kashmir PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal RFSA Rapid Food Security Assessment UCs Union Councils UN United Nations UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment UNICEF United Nations Children Fund VAM Vulnerability Analysis And Mapping Unit WFP World Food Programme VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND MAPPING (VAM) UNIT, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME iii POST-EARTHQUAKE RAPID FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT – MARCH 2006 Acknowledgements The World Food Programme is grateful to all the government officials, NGOs and community representatives who supported the Rapid Food Security Assessment and assisted the team in data collection. I am thankful to the district administration of all the seven districts for providing basic information on earthquake damages. I would like to thank the staff of the WFP sub-offices in Battagram, Muzaffarabad and Bagh for extending all possible support for enabling the mission to complete the task uninterrupted. I am grateful to, and highly appreciate the dedicated field work of Mr. Irfan Sarwar, Mr. Muhammad Siddique and Mr. Tariq Mehmud, who worked without any break, for 25 days to survey and complete the checklists of 229 Union Councils. Finally, I would like to mention the outstanding work for data entry and mapping of this report by the VAM staff, who worked late into the night and completed their task with utmost commitment. Team Members Sahib Haq (Team Leader) Data Analysis and Report Writing Sahib Haq, Head of VAM Unit, WFP, Pakistan Data Collection Irfan Sarwar (VAM Unit, WFP, Pakistan) and Muhammad Siddique (VAM Unit, WFP, Pakistan) Screening Tariq Mehmud (Bureau of Statistics, Peshawar) Data Screening and Tabulation Afsheen Anwar Mapping Muhammad Almas VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND MAPPING (VAM) UNIT, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME iv POST-EARTHQUAKE RAPID FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT – MARCH 2006 POST-EARTHQUAKE RAPID FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT Executive Summary A Post-Earthquake Rapid Food Security Assessment (RFSA) was carried out by the Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) unit in the seven earthquake affected food insecure districts of Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and North West Frontier Province (NWFP). The RFSA was aimed at identifying the food insecure Union Councils (UCs) in these seven districts. The districts covered are Muzaffarabad, Bagh and Neelum in PAK and Mansehra, Battagram, Shangla and Kohistan in NWFP. There are 229 UCs in 21 tehsils of these seven districts. The RFSA team visited 224 UCs leaving out the 5 UCs of Kala Dhakka (tribal area) due to security reasons. However, basic data was collected for all the 229 UCs. The highest casualties were recorded in 19 UCs of Muzaffarabad and Mansehra (Balakot), where casualties were in the range of 1001 to 3000 per each UC. The 2nd highest casualties (501-1000) were reported in 24 UCs , half of which fall in Muzaffarabad, while remaining half are in Mansehra, Battagram and Bagh districts. Based on the loss of working force, about 7.2% of the households lost at least one person capable of livelihood earning. This figure is 25% in Balakot and Hatian tehsils. In 114 union councils (50%) more than 80% of the houses collapsed or were heavily damaged, while some union councils were completely destroyed. Majority of these union councils are in Muzaffarabad followed by Bagh and Mansehra districts. The devastation caused immense loss of life and also deprived the survivors of valuables such as cash, jewellery, food stocks and other belongings. Agriculture and livestock rearing are the primary sources of employment in rural areas. In 29 union councils, majority in Muzaffarabad and Mansehra (Balakot), wheat cultivation declined by more than 60% because of land destruction, limited manpower capacity and drastic reduction of other resources (like water etc.). Above 40% decline was recorded in 44 union councils. The average decline recorded in these districts was 28%. Except for 15 union councils in the outer region, all union councils recorded damage to livestock. In 6 union councils of Muzaffarabad, it was above 80%. On average, the damage to livestock was recorded as 14%. In 20 UCs, 100% of the schools got demolished. Major damage was caused in Allai tehsil of Battagram district, where 94% of the primary schools were either destroyed or heavily damaged. This figure was 84% in Balakot, 80% in Battagram and 75% in Besham. On average 51% of the education facilities were destroyed in the region. The most food insecure group is the labor force. Per findings of the RFSA, on average, about 10% of the work-force is government employees, 7.6% are working in private sector, 5.4% are abroad and 76% are working as labourers both in and outside the area. At present, there is no proper water (piped & hand pump) supply available to majority of the population as piped (including hand pump) water facility is non existent in 38 union councils (except Kala Dhakka- tribal area) majority of which are in Kohistan district (50%). In 54 union councils, only up to 10% of households have access to piped (including hand pump) water. These union councils are located in the less accessible areas of all the seven districts. Waterborne diseases are frequent, while health facilities are inadequate or almost non-existent.