XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions ~ Approximately 3DSM Dimensionally stable membrane with @ At 3-dimensional porous support °C Degrees Celsius 3-L Three-layer °F Degrees Fahrenheit 3Q Third quarter of the fiscal year Δ Change, delta 4Q Fourth quarter of the fiscal year ΔG Gibbs free energy of reaction 5-L Five-layer ΔH Enthalpy of reaction, Enthalpy of 6FBPS0 Hexafluoro biphenol sulfone hydrogenation 6FCN-x Hexafluoro bisphenol A based disulfonated polybenzonitrile (H+ form) (x denotes degree ∆H°f Standard heat of formation of sulfonation) ΔK Stress intensity factor 6FK Hexafluoro ketone; Partially fluorinated ∆P Pressure drop, pressure change poly(arylene ether ketone) ≈ Equals approximately 6FPAEB Hexafluoro bisphenol a benzonitrile > Greater than 8YSZ 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ≥ Greater than or equal to A Ampere(s), amp(s) < Less than Å Angstrom(s) ≤ Less than or equal to AAC Advanced anode catalyst μ Micro (one-millionth; 0.000001) AB Ammonia-borane, NH BH μA Microampere(s) 3 3 ABH Ammonium borohydride, NH BH μA/cm2 Microampere(s) per square centimeter 2 4 4 ABS American Bureau of Shipping μc-Si Microcrystalline silicon AC Alternating current; Activated carbon μg Microgram(s) A-CCC Activated carbon composite catalyst μCHP Micro-combined heat and power ACF Activated carbon fibers μCHX Microscale combustor/heat exchanger A/cm2 Amps per square centimeter μm Micrometer(s); micron(s) ACN Acetonitrile μM Micromolar ACNT Aligned carbon nanotube μmol Micromole(s) ADG Anaerobic digester gas μΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s)-square centimeter AEM Anion exchange membrane; Analytical μV Microvolt(s) electron microscopy η Viscosity AEO Annual Energy Outlook # Number AFDC Alternative Fuels Data Center Ω Ohm(s) AFM Atomic force microscopy; Anti-ferromagnetic 2 Ω/cm Ohm(s) per square centimeter AFP Automated fiber placement 2 Ω-cm Ohm-square centimeter(s) Ag Silver % Percent AGC Activated graphitic carbon ® Registered trademark AgCl Silver chloride $ United States dollars A-h Amp-hour(s) 11 B-NMR Boron 11 nuclear magnetic resonance AHJ Authorities having jurisdiction 1-D, 1D One-dimensional AISI American Iron & Steel Institute 1Q First quarter of the fiscal year AIST Japanese National Institute of Advanced 2-D, 2D Two-dimensional Industrial Science and Technology 2Q Second quarter of the fiscal year AK Alkali 3-D, 3D Three-dimensional a.k.a. Also known as FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–1 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions Al Aluminum atm Atmosphere(s) Al2O3 Aluminum oxide ATM-PP Benzyl trimethyl ammonium functionalized Al-AB Aluminum-ammonia-borane poly(phenylene) anion exchange membrane ATP Adenosine triphosphate; Advanced AlCl3 Aluminum chloride Technology Program ALD Atomic layer deposition ATPase Adenosine triphosphatase AlH3 Aluminum hydride; Alane ATR Autothermal reformer; Autothermal ALS Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley reforming; Attenuated total reflection National Laboratory ATR-FTIR Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform ALT Accelerated life test infrared AM Air mass a.u. Arbitrary units AM 1.5 Air Mass 1.5 solar illumination Au Gold AM1.5G Air Mass 1.5 Global (solar spectrum) AuS Gold sulfide AMBH Amine metal borohydride AuSnO Gold supported on hydrous tin oxide AMC Aminomethyl-cyclohexane x AuTiO Gold supported on titanium oxide AMFC Anion exchange membrane fuel cell; Alkaline x Autonomie Plug-and-Play Powertrain and Vehicle Model membrane fuel cell Architecture and Development Environment AMR Annual Merit Review software model by Argonne National AN Acrylonitrile Laboratory to support the rapid evaluation ANL Argonne National Laboratory of new powertrain/propulsion technologies for improving fuel economy through ANOVA Analysis of variance virtual design and analysis in a math-based ANSI American National Standards Institute simulation environment 2 Ao Arrhenius constant, ml/[cm -min-atm½]; Avg Average Availability AZO Aluminum zinc oxide APCI, APCi Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 11B-NMR Boron 11 nuclear magnetic resonance APR Aqueous-phase reforming B Boron APU Auxiliary power unit B O Boron oxide; Diboron trioxide AQMD Air Quality Management District 2 3 Ba Barium Ar Argon BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und AR Areal resistance -prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials ARPA-E Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy Research and Testing) ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Bara Bar absolute As Arsenic barg Bar gauge ASAXS Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering BCC Body-centered cubic a-Si Amorphous silicon BCN Boron carbon nitride a-SiC Amorphous silicon carbide BDC Benzenedicarboxylic acid a-SiGe Amorphous silicon germanium Be Beryllium a-SiN Amorphous silicon nitride BES Basic Energy Sciences office within the DOE ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers Office of Science ASPEN Modeling software, computer code for BESS Battery energy storage system process analysis BET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis ASR Area-specific resistance method AST Accelerated stress test BEV Battery electric vehicle ASTM ASTM International, originally known as the BFZ0 BaFe0.975Zr0.025O3 American Society for Testing and Materials BFZ1 BaFe0.90Zr0.10O3 AT Ammonia triborane B-G Boron doped graphitic material at% Atomic percent BG-DW 65% bio-glycol-35% distilled water DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–2 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions B-H Boron/hydrogen bond BPVE-6F Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenyl vinyl ether hexafluoroisopropylidene B-H, BH, BH4 Borohydride BHP Butyl perhydropyrolidine BPy 2,2’-bipyridine Bi Bismuth BPY 4,4’-bypyridine BLASTP Basic Local Alignment Search Tool – Protein bpydc Bipyridine dicarboxylate BM Base metal Br Bromine Br Diatomic bromine bmimBF4 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium 2 tetrafluoroborate BTB 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoate bmimCl 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride BTC 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate bmimOTf 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium triflate BTE 4,4’,4’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(ethyne-2,1- diyl))tribenzoate bmimPF6 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate BTMA Benzyltrimethylammonium BMPFFP 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium BTT Benzene tris-tetrazole tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate BTTCD Octa-carboxylate ligand BN Boron-nitrogen BTU, Btu British thermal unit(s) BNH Boron-nitrogen-hydrogen Bu3SnCl Tributyltin chloride BNHx Dehydrogenated ammonia-borane Bu3SnSnBu3 Hexabutyldistannane BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory BV Benzyl viologen BNNT Boron nitride nanotubes BxHy Polyhedral boranes B-O Any oxidized boron species, borate BZYC BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ Boc Tert-butoxycarbonyl C Carbon; Couloumb BOC Best of class C2H4 Ethylene B(OH) Boric acid 3 C2H6 Ethane BOL Beginning of life C3H8 Propane BOP, BoP Balance of plant Ca Calcium BOT Beginning of test CA Carbon aerogel; Chronoamperometry BP Bisphenol; Biphenyl CaBr2 Calcium bromide bpe Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane CaCO3 Calcium carbonate BPEE 1,2-bipyridylethene CAD Computer-aided design BPDC Biphenyl-4,4’-dicarboxylate CAE Computer-assisted engineering BPP Bipolar plate CAER Center for Applied Energy Research BPPPO Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine oxide CaFCP California Fuel Cell Partnership BPPPO-35 Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine oxide CaI Clostridium acetobutylicum hydrogenase copolymer, 35% molar fraction of disulfonic CaO Calcium oxide acid unit (35% level of sulfonation) CARB California Air Resources Board BPS Ballard Power Systems CaS Calcium sulfide BPS Bi Phenyl Sulfone CaSFCC California Stationary Fuel Cell Collaborative BPS100 Fully disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) CB Conduction band; Carbon black BPSH Block polysulfone ether polymer; Bi Phenyl Sulfone: H Form CBECS Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey BPSH-30 Biphenyl sulfone H form, 30% molar fraction of disulfonic acid unit (30% level of CbHS Carbon-based hydrogen storage sulfonation) CBM Conduction band minimum BPSH-x BiPhenyl based disulfonated polySulfone CBN Carbon-boron-nitrogen (H+ form) (x denotes degree of sulfonation) CBS Casa Bonita strain; Complete basis set BPVC Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code cc Cubic centimeter(s) BPVE Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenyl vinyl ether FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–3 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions CCC Carbon composite catalyst CHG Compressed hydrogen gas CCD Charge-coupled device; Catalyst coating on CHHP Combined heat, hydrogen, and power decal Chl Chlorophyll CCDM Catalyst coating on diffusion media CHMC1 Test Method for Evaluating Material cc/g cat/hr Cubic centimeter(s) per gram catalyst per Compatibility for Compressed Hydrogen hour Applications–Phase I-Metals CcH2 Cryo-compressed hydrogen CHP Combined heat and power CCHSS Complex Compound Hydrogen Storage CHPFC Combined heat and power fuel cell System CHS Chemical hydrogen storage CCL Cathode catalyst layer CHSCoE Chemical Hydrogen Storage Center of CCM Catalyst-coated membrane Excellence cc/min, ccm Cubic centimeters per minute CIGSe2 Copper indium gallium diselenide ccp Cubic close-packing CIGS Copper indium gallium diselenide CCS Carbon capture and storage Cl Chlorine CC&S Carbon capture and sequestration CL Catalyst layer; ε-caprolactone CCVJ 9-([E]-2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine C-L Circumferential-longitudinal Cd Cadmium cm Centimeter CD Current density; Charge depleting; Cathode CM Controls module dewpoint cm2 Square centimeter Cdl Double layer capacitance CMO Conductive metal oxides cDNA Complementary DNA CMWNT Carbon multi-walled nanotube CDO Code development organization