Birmingham City School of Law BritishBritish JoJournalurnal ofof British Journal of American Legal Studies | Volume 10 Issue 1 10 Issue Legal Studies | Volume British Journal of American British Journal of American Legal Studies | Volume 7 Issue 1 7 Issue Legal Studies | Volume British Journal of American AmericanAmerican LegalLegal StudiesStudies VolumeVolume 107 Issue Issue 1 1 SpringSpring 20212018 ARTICLES ARTICLES Founding-Era Socialism: The Original Meaning of the Constitution’s Postal Clause Robert G. Natelson Administrative Functions of Implementation, Control of Administrative Ricardo Perlingeiro Toward Natural Born Derivative Citizenship John Vlahoplus Decisions, and Protection of Rights Felix Frankfurter and the Law Thomas Halper The Engineer’s Centenary: SCOTUS and the Origins of Australia’s Scabrous Benjamin F. Gussen ConstitutionalFundamental RightsSignature in Early American Case Law: 1789-1859 Nicholas P. Zinos Apportionment,The Holmes Truth: Allegiance, Toward aand Pragmatic, Birthright Holmes-Influenced Citizenship Conceptualization John Vlahoplus of the Nature of Truth Jared Schroeder A Structuralist Concept of the Rule of Law Alani Golanski Acts of State, State Immunity, and Judicial Review in the United States Zia Akthar Law as a Language, Law as an Art: Reflections on James Boyd H. Jefferson Powell White’s Keep Law Alive Justice Holmes and the Question of Race Thomas Halper BRITISH JOURNAL OF AMERICAN LEGAL STUDIES BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL THE CURZON BUILDING, 4 CARDIGAN STREET, BIRMINGHAM, B4 7BD, UNITED KINGDOM ISSNISSN 2049-40922049-4092 (Print)(Print) British Journal of American Legal Studies Editor-in-Chief: Dr Anne Richardson Oakes, Birmingham City University. Deputy Editors Dr Ilaria Di-Gioia, Birmingham City University Dr Friso Jansen, Birmingham City University Associate Editors Dr Sarah Cooper, Birmingham City University Prof Julian Killingley, Birmingham City University Dr Alice Storey, Birmingham City University Dr Amna Nazir, Birmingham City University Prof Jon Yorke, Birmingham City University Seth Barrett Tillman, National University of Ireland, Maynooth Editorial Team Leader 2020 Thomas Nicklin Birmingham City University Student Editorial Assistants 2020 Turan Avkesan Denisa Bucioaca Melisa Oleschuk Tom Kidney Emily Mouland Editorial Board Hon. Joseph A. Greenaway Jr., Circuit Judge 3rd Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. Hon. Raymond J. McKoski, Circuit Judge (retired), 19th Judicial Circuit Court, IL. Adjunct Professor of Law, The John Marshall Law School, Chicago, IL. Prof. Antonio Aunion, University of Castille-la Mancha. Prof. Francine Banner, Phoenix School of Law, AZ. Prof. Devon W. Carbado, UCLA, CA. Dr. Damian Carney, University of Portsmouth, UK. Dr. Simon Cooper, Reader in Property Law, Oxford Brookes University. Prof. Randall T. Coyne, Frank Elkouri and Edna Asper Elkouri Professor, College of Law, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK. Mark George QC, Garden Court Chambers, Manchester, UK. Prof. Carolyn Hoyle, Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford, UK. Prof. James Kousouros, CALS Visiting Professor, NY. Prof. Ian Loveland, City University London, UK. Prof. James Maxeiner, Center for International & Comparative Law, University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD. Prof. Ruth Miller, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA. Dr. Anne-Marie O’Connell, University Toulouse 1 Capitole. Prof. Austin Sarat, William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Jurisprudence & Political Science, Amherst College, MA. Dr. Stephen W. Smith, University of Birmingham, UK. Prof. Carrie Sperling, University of Wisconsin Law School. Prof. Clive Stafford Smith, Reprieve. Dr. Timothy Stanley, Rothermere American Institute, University of Oxford, UK. Prof. Adam N. Steinman, Professor of Law & Frank M. Johnson Faculty Scholar, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL. Prof. Russell Wheeler, The Brookings Institution, Washington DC. British Journal of American Legal Studies Volume 170 Issue Issue 1 1 Spring 20212018 CONTENTS Founding-Era Socialism: The Original Meaning of the Constitution’s Postal Clause AdministrativeRobert G. Natelson Functions ............................................................................................................................... of Implementation, Control of Administrative Decisions, and Protection of .............Rights 1 Ricardo Perlingeiro .............................................................................................................................................1 Toward Natural Born Derivative Citizenship John Vlahoplus .................................................................................................................................................71 The Engineer’s Case Centenary: SCOTUS and the Origins of Australia’s Scabrous Constitutional Signature FelixBenjamen Frankfurter Franklen and Gussen, the Law Sahar Araghi ......................................................................................................27 Thomas Halper .............................................................................................................................................. 115 Apportionment, Allegiance, and Birthright Citizenship FundamentalJohn Vlahoplus Rights ............................................................................................................................................... in Early American Case Law: 1789-1859 107 Nicholas P. Zinos ............................................................................................................................................ 137 A Structuralist Concept of the Rule of Law AlaniThe Holmes Golanski Truth: ................................................................................................................................................. Toward a Pragmatic, Holmes-Influenced Conceptualization of the Nature of Truth 119 Jared Schroeder ............................................................................................................................................. 169 Law as a Language, Law as an Art: Reflections on James Boyd White’sKeep Law Alive Acts of State, State Immunity, and Judicial Review in the United States H. Jefferson Powell .........................................................................................................................................155 Zia Akthar ........................................................................................................................................................ 205 Justice Holmes and the Question of Race Thomas Halper ................................................................................................................................................171 Br. J. Am. Leg. Studies 10(1) (2021), DOI: 10.2478/bjals-2020-0015 Administrative Functions of Implementation, Control of Administrative Decisions, and Protection of Rights Ricardo Perlingeiro* ABSTRACT This essay includes a comparative analysis of the traditions of administrative law in Latin American and their impact on the contemporary scene and trends in the general orientations of its administrative justice systems. This analysis is limited to Latin American countries of Iberian origin under the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (“I/A Court H.R”). The method followed by the author is to point out the roles attributable to the administrative authorities and to attempt to identify a distinction in Latin America between the “administrative function of implementation”, “control of the legality of administrative decisions” (unrelated to any adjudicative function) and the “protection of rights” (by means of an adjudicative function) while examining their historical genesis and possible future trends. From that perspective, the text discusses certain administrative powers, such as disciplinary or other regulatory powers, and their forms of concrete application; the prerogatives and instruments of the authorities and of their decision-making employees in the exercise of the functions of implementation; the control of administrative decisions by those authorities themselves and by external bodies; and judicial and extrajudicial protection of rights against administrative decisions. The author concludes that Latin American administrative law, despite the fact that its civil-law substantive roots have always coexisted with judicial review typical of common law, is currently tending, on the one hand, to approximate the U.S. model of administrative adjudication and, on the other, to adapt to I/A Court H.R case law with respect to the administrative function of implementation in harmony with the fundamental right to good administration which, combined with a critical re-examination of diffuse control of the legality of administrative rules in court, would safeguard the true role of adjudicating bodies (administrative authorities or courts) in their function of protecting individual rights for the sake of more fair and equitable administrative justice. KEYWORDS Latin America, Comparative Law, Administrative Justice, Courts * Visiting Professor in Comparative Judicial Studies at Birmingham City University. Federal Appellate Court Judge and Professor at Fluminense Federal University and Estácio de Sá University.(Brazil). © 2020 Ricardo Perlingeiro, published by Sciendo. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. 10 Br. J. Am. Leg. Studies (2021) CONTENTS I. Introduction .........................................................................................3