BALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS No. 45 SECOND BALTIC SEA POLLUTION LOAD COMPILATION BALTIC MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMISSION - HELSINKI COMMISSION - BALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS No. 45 SECOND BALTIC SEA POLLUTION LOAD COMPILATION BALTIC MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMISSION - HELSINKI COMMISSION - 1993 This publication has been technically edited by Estonia and Germany For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as: HELCOM, 1993 Second Baltic Sea Pollution Load Compilation Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 45 Information included in this publication or extracts thereof is free for citing on the condition that the complete reference of the publication is given as stated above Copyright 1993 by the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission - Helsinki Commission - ISSN 0357-2994 Hamburg, Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie III Table of Contents Preface . ..*.................................................................................................................. 1 1 Introduction . 3 2 Description of the Baltic Sea Drainage Areas ....................................................... 6 2.1 Finland ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Russia ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Estonia ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Latvia ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Lithuania .................................................................................................................... 10 2.6 Poland ........................................................................................................................ 10 2.7 Germany .................................................................................................................... 11 2.8 Denmark .................................................................................................................... 12 2.9 Sweden ...................................................................................................................... 13 3 Description of Measurement and Calculation Methods ...................................... 14 3.1 Measurement and calculation of pollution load via rivers ........................................ 14 3.1.1 Flow measurements and sampling frequency ............................................................................... 14 3. I .2 Methods for calculation and estimation of river discharges ......................................................... 15 3.2 Measurement and calculation of pollution load from urban areas and industries ..... 18 3.2.1 Flow measurement from urban areas and industries .................................................................... 18 3.2.2 Sampling procedure and frequency .............................................................................................. 21 3.2.3 Methods of chemical analyses ...................................................................................................... 26 3.2.4 Calculation methods ..................................................................................................................... 27 4 Pollution load entering the different sub-regions of the Baltic Sea .................... 29 4.1 Bothnian Bay ........................................................................................ .................... 29 4.1.1 Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 29 4.1.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 33 4.1.3 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 36 4.2 Bothnian Sea ............................................................................................................. 41 4.2. I Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 41 4.2.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 45 4.2.3 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 48 4.3 Archipelago Sea ........................................................................................................ 53 4.3.1 Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 53 4.3.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 56 4.3.3 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 59 4.4 Gulf of Finland .......................................................................................................... 63 4.4.1 Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 63 4.4.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 66 4.4.3 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 70 IV 4.5 Gulf of Riga ............................................................................................................... 75 4.5.1 Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 75 4.5.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 79 4.53 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... a3 4.6 Baltic Proper .............................................................................................................. 86 4.6. I Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 86 4.6.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 90 4.6.3 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 96 4.7 Western Baltic ........................................................................................................... I03 4.7. I Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 103 4.7.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 106 4.7.3 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 110 4.8 The Sound ................................................................................................................. 115 4.8.1 Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 115 4.8.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 119 4.x.3 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 123 4.9 The Kattegat .............................................................................................................. 127 4.9. I Pollution load via rivers ................................................................................................................ 127 4.9.2 Pollution load from urban areas .................................................................................................... 131 4.93 Pollution load from industries ...................................................................................................... 134 5 Total pollution load entering the Baltic Sea .......................................................... 139 5.1 Organic matter load entering the Baltic Sea in I990 ................................................. 139 5.2 Phosphorus load entering the Baltic Sea in 1990 ...................................................... 143 5.3 Nitrogen load entering the Baltic Sea in 1990 .......................................................... 147 6 Discussion ................................................................................................................. 150 7 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 154 ANNEX I .................................................................................................................. 155 ANNEX II ................................................................................................................. 157 BALTIC