SEPTEMBER 2018 MINISTRY OF WATER DEVELOPMENT SANITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Remedial Environmental and Social Management Plans of Eight (8) Dams Under the Water Resources Development Programme ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANS (ADDENDUM TO ALREADY APPROVED EBP’S BY ZEMA) ADDRESS COWI Zambia Limited Plot 45/5b Reedbuck Road, Off Kabulonga Road P.O.Box 34528 Lusaka Zambia TEL +260 211 26 53 78 +260 977 74 03 47 +260 977 74 03 50 FAX +260 211 26 53 80 EMAIL [email protected] SEPTEMBER 2018 WWW cowi.com MINISTRY OF WATER DEVELOPMENT SANITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Remedial Environmental and Social Management Plans of Eight (8) Dams Under the Water Resources Development Programme ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANS PROJECT NO. DOCUMENT NO. 3037.03 1 VERSION DATE OF ISSUE DESCRIPTION PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED 0.2 September 2018 Report Pilila Chongo Litumelo Mate prss Derek Mwape IM Litumelo Mate 5 ESMP CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS 10 1 Background 11 1.1 Purpose of the Report 12 2 Policy and Legal Framework 13 2.1 National and Policy and Legislation Framework 13 2.2 International Policies, Standards and Guidelines 14 2.3 Institutional Context for Project Implementation 15 3 Project Sites Scope of Work 16 4 Dam Specific Environment and Social Conditions and ESMP 18 4.1 Chikowa Dam 18 4.2 Kanyika Dam 25 4.3 Kawiko Dam 34 4.4 Makaba Dam 42 4.5 Nabowa Dam 46 4.6 Nachibanga Dam 51 4.7 Ndondi Dam 52 4.8 Ngolongozya Dam 54 6 ESMP 5 Environmental and Social Impacts 62 6 Environmental and Social Management Plan 72 7 Demobilisation and Restoration of the Dam Sites 157 8 Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans 161 8.1 Hazards 161 8.2 General Roles and Responsibilities in an Emergency Planning Response Situation 162 8.3 Local Emergency Authorities 163 8.4 Five Step Emergency Determination 164 8.5 EPRP Maintenance 169 9 Conclusion 170 Appendices 171 Appendix A Ministry and Institutional Roles 171 Appendix B Water Quality Results 177 Appendix C Attendace Registers 183 7 ESMP LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Site layout and centreline 18 Figure 2: These are characteristics of Saline and Sodic Soils 20 Figure 3: Mopani in the project area 20 Figure 4: Bush fires which wipe out most of the regenerates around the dam 21 Figure 5: The first and second storeys in the western part of the dam. 21 Figure 6: The first and second storey in the eastern fringe of the dam 22 Figure 7: Pictures of the previous spill-way which was washed away at Chikowa Dam 24 Figure 8: Weeds- Kauwa, Tenatena weed 24 Figure 9: Picture taken from a canoe ride; to show the extent of weed spread 25 Figure 10 Typical soil type surrounding Kanyika dam 27 Figure 11 Large and deep borrow pit created close to the dam (l) and geology of the area (r) 27 Figure 12 Maize cultivation along the banks of the stream 29 Figure 13 Bush fire impacts on the vegetation around the project area 29 Figure 14 Vegetable production downstream of the Kanyika stream 30 Figure 15 Location of Kawiko Dam site 34 Figure 16 Garden with crops around the dam 35 Figure 17 Typical soil profile at Kawiko Dam site 36 Figure 18 Hydrology and relief of Mwinilunga District 36 Figure 19 Source of Kakulu Stream 37 Figure 20 Kasulusi intermittent streams 37 Figure 21 Forest and vegetation around Kawiko site 38 Figure 22 Flora around the dam 43 Figure 23 Vegetable gardening within the fringes of the stream 44 Figure 24 Status of parts of the spillway 45 Figure 25 Status of the leakages at the base of the embankment 45 Figure 26 A Vegetable Mass on Nabowa Stream 47 Figure 27 Dark-brown ferrosol in the South-western fringe 48 Figure 28 First storey land cover around Nabowa dam during survey time in June 48 8 ESMP Figure 29 A truck carrying logs of the endangered rosewood tree that is logged around the dam area 49 Figure 30 Rosewood tree preserved at one of the village headmen in the project area 49 Figure 31 Vegetation cover at present 53 Figure 32 A family drawing water from the Ngolongozya dam 55 Figure 33 Status of the first and second storeys 56 Figure 34 Lower part of the transect around Ngolongozya dam 56 Figure 35 Excavated sand on the downstream side 60 Figure 36 Charcoal kilns along the fringes of the dam 60 Figure 37 Vegetable gardening along the dambo 65 9 ESMP LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Dam location, design parameters and status of implementation 17 Table 2 Fish species 22 Table 3: Fish species found in Kanyika Stream 30 Table 4 Type of birds found in the project area 31 Table 5 Snakes and reptiles around the project area 31 Table 6 Types of mammals around the project area 32 Table 7 Insect species of the project area 32 Table 8 Fish species of the Kakula Stream 39 Table 9 Birds found around the Kawiko Dam at different times of the year 39 Table 10 Snakes and reptiles found around the project area 40 Table 11 Mammals found in the project area 40 Table 12 Types of insects around the project area 41 Table 13 Birds found in the Project area 56 Table 14 Common Snakes found in the project area 57 Table 15 Fauna found in the project area 58 Table 16 Insects found in the project area 58 Table 17 72 Table 18 Kanyika Dam ESMP 84 Table 19 Kawiko Dam ESMP 95 Table 20 Makaba Dam ESMP 105 Table 21 Nabowa Dam ESMP 116 Table 22 Nachibanga Dam ESMP 127 Table 23 Ndondi Dam ESMP 136 Table 24 Ngolongozya Dam ESMP 146 Table 25 Proposed demobilisation and restoration Activities 157 10 ESMP LIST OF ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CWUA Community Water User Association DC District Commissioner DERP District Emergency Response Plan DWO District Water Officer DWRD Department of Water Resources Development EMA Environmental Management Act EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPB Environmental Project Brief EPRP Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan ESS Environmental and Social Safeguards ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FAO Food Agricultural Organisation FC Feacal Coliform IFC International Finance Corporation MWDSEP Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental Protection NWASCO National Water Supply and Sanitation Council PAPs Project Affected Persons PPE Personal Protective Equipment PS Performance Standard PWO Provincial Water Officer RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework TC Total Coliforms USD United States of America WARMA Water Resources Management Authority WRDP Water Resources Development Project ZEMA Zambia Environmental Management Council 11 ESMP 1 Background Despite Zambia’s significant arable land and water resources, and favourable climatic conditions that provide potential for expansion of agriculture, livestock and industrial sector, the country faces challenges in improving citizenry livelihoods with 60% of the population living below the poverty line. One of the challenges is the country’s vulnerability and constraints related to water availability and accessibility. Whilst water demand from different sectors increases, water availability is limited by hydrological variability worsened by floods and droughts, seasonal water shortages, and lack of infrastructure placing serious constraints on economic development. In order to address the challenges of water deficits particularly in the rural areas the Government of the Republic of Zambia received World Bank financing to support the Zambia Water Resources Development Project (WRDP). This programme is a response to the central features of the Government’s vision and strategy as described in the National Water Policy, its Vision 2030, the Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency Implementation Plan (2005-2030) and the National Development Plan (2013-15). The Project development objective is to support the implementation of an integrated framework for water resources management that promotes infrastructure development in support of economic growth, poverty reduction and climate resilience. The WRDP project has three components as follows: Component A whose objective is to enhance capacity at the national and regional level to address the challenges of water resources management in Zambia; Component B whose objective is to address the infrastructure deficit. This aims at providing support to development and rehabilitation of small-scale water resources infrastructure throughout the country; Component C’s objective is to strengthen the institutional capacity for water resources management and development. Component B, which is the focus of this report, has been under implementation since 2016. The DWRD personnel were fully engaged in identifying dam sites, designing and supervising construction of 12 dams in 6 provinces namely Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, and North Western, Southern, and Western provinces. In addition to the engineering tasks, the department conducted additional Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies and drafted Environental Project Briefs (EPB’s), which were subsequently approved by ZEMA in 2017. The world bank required that a compliance audit be conducted and any remedial actions be defined and supplementary ESS be prepared. A consortium of consultants was contracted to conduct a review of the technical/engineering, environmental, and social aspects of 10 dams out of the 12. These dams are at different stages of completion. The generic ESMPs were prepared by DWRD. Generic ESMPs are important because they take into consideration overall dam construction and operation activities with impacts and mitigation measures. 12 ESMP They are supposed to be comprehensive and all inclusive of the required aspects. The Consultant observed some lapses in the prepared accompanying generic Environmental and Social Management Plans.