On-Farm Cropping Trials Northwest & West Central Minnesota and 2019 Minnesota Wheat Research Review Page 1 2019 On-Farm Trials | UMN Extension On-Farm Cropping Trials The mission of the UMN Extension and NWROC is to contribute, within the framework of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) and the College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences to the acquisition, interpretation and dissemination of research results to the people of Minnesota, with application to the knowledge base of the United States and World. Within this framework, major emphasis is placed on research and education that is relevant to the needs of northwest Minnesota, and which includes projects initiated by Center scientists, other MAES scientists and state or federal agencies. Contributors to the On-Farm Trials include: Dr. Angie Peltier, Extension Educator, Extension Regional Office, Crookston, [email protected]; Dr. Jared Goplen, Extension Educator, Extension Regional Office, Morris, [email protected]; Dr. Seth Naeve, Associate Professor and Extension Agronomist, St. Paul, [email protected]. These projects were made possible thanks to the hard work of many people. This includes farmers, County and Regional Extension Educators, and specialists who conducted or cooperated with these trials. Previous On-Farm Cropping Trials booklets can be found at: http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/crops-research/ and http://mnwheat.org/wheat-research-reports/ 2019 Wheat Research Review In 2019 the Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council allocated about $804,151 of the total $1,676,764 check-off income to wheat research projects. The 2019 reports from these projects are printed in this book. Wheat Research Project Funding Process: Each year in September, the Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council requests wheat research pre- proposals from researchers in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. Researchers are given an opportunity to meet with a small group of wheat growers to get feedback on project ideas. About 12 project pre-proposals are reviewed at the Prairie Grains Conference by the Research Committee of the Minnesota Wheat Council. This Committee listens to presentations from each researcher and then the Committee determines which ones should be asked to submit full proposals. The proposals are evaluated on the following criteria: 1) Is it a priority for growers? 2) Impact on Profitability? 3) Probability of Success? 4) Cost v.s. Benefit? At the end of January the committee meets once again to review the full proposals and make funding recommendations to the Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council. In addition to the projects reports being printed and distributed through this booklet, some of the project researchers give oral presentations at the Prairie Grains Conference, Best of the Best Workshops and Small Grains Updates - Wheat, Soybean and Corn. Also, some of the projects are reported in the Prairie Grains Magazine. The Minnesota Wheat Research Committee is made up of wheat growers, agronomists, unbias researchers and industry representatives. Information about the committee and previously funded research can be found online at www.mnwheat.org. Click on the Research Committee tab. Page 2 Table of Contents On-Farm Cropping Trials For Northwest & West Central Minnesota 4 2019 Statewide Soybean Crop & Pest Survey 12 PPO Inhibitor Effects on Soybean Canopy - NW MN 10 2018 Soybean Cyst Nematode Survey - MN 15 Pre + Post Herbicide Demonstration - NW MN Wheat Research Reports - Funded in part by the Minnesota Wheat check-off 18 Prairie Talk - For the RRV and Surrounding Areas 38 Accelerated Breeding for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight ~ Karl Glover, Plant Science Dept., 20 Identifying Causes of Within-Field Protein Variability SDSU, Brookings in Spring Wheat Using Precision Field Mapping and Aerial Imagery ~ Joel Ransom, Dept. of Plant 41 Research on Bacterial Leaf Streak and the Root Sciences, NDSU, Fargo and Crown Rots of Wheat ~ Ruth Dill-Macky, Dept. of Plant Pathology, 22 University of Minnesota Wheat Breeding Program U of M, St. Paul ~ Jim Anderson, Dept. of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, U of M, St. Paul 45 Southern Minnesota Small Grains Research and Outreach Project ~ Jared Goplen, Morris Regional 24 Maximizing Canopy Conductance to Enhance Extension Office, Morris Spring Wheat Yield Potential in the Upper Midwest ~ M. Walid Sadok, Dept. of Agronomy & Plant 49 Minnesota Small Grains Pest Survey and Wheat Genetics, U of M, St. Paul Stem Sawfly Surveillance ~ Jochum Wiersma, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant 27 Providing Rapid End-use Quality Characterization Genetics, NWROC, Crookston Services to the University of Minnesota Breeding Program ~ George A. Annor, Dept. of Food 57 2019 Minnesota Wheat, Barley and Oat Variety Science & Nutrition, U of M, St. Paul Performance – Preliminary Report 28 Combining Key Resistance and Agrotype Genes 78 North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial for the Improvement of Hard Red Winter Wheat Results for 2019 & Selection Guide - Preliminary Germplasm ~ G. Francois Marais, Dept. of Plant Report Services, NDSU, Fargo 87 North Dakota Barley, Oat and Rye Variety Trial 31 Nitrogen Losses Under Spring Wheat Production Results for 2019 & Selection Guide - Preliminary System in Minesota ~ Amitava Chatterjee, Report Dept. of Soil Science, NDSU, Fargo 96 North Dakota Durum Wheat Variety Trial Results 32 Cover Crop Management in a Wheat-Soybean for 2019 & Selection Guide - Preliminary Report System in Northwest Minnesota ~ Joel Ransom, Dept. of Plant Sciences, NDSU, Fargo 34 Breeding Wheat for Intensive Management in Western Minnesota & Eastern North Dakota ~ Andrew Green, Dept. of Plant Sciences, NDSU, Fargo Page 3 O n - F a r m C r o p p I n g T r I a l s 2019 Statewide Soybean Crop & Pest Survey Cooperators: Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council, NDSU IPM Survey Purpose of Study: Scouts also surveyed for both grasshopper and two- The soybean crop and pest survey was designed to spotted spider mite infestations on the edge and provide in-season data about regional pest pressure inside of fields, periodically finding edge-of-field to assist farmers and crop consultants in making spider mite infestations (Fig 3). pest management decisions. 2019 growing season was the fifth that UMN Extension undertook this MSR&PC-sponsored survey. The survey provided data about regional pest pressure. This data was shared with farmers to assist them in making pest management decisions. This project was coordinated with a similar survey undertaken by the Results: Field surveys of randomly selected Minnesota soybean fields were initiated on July 5. A total of 762 fields were surveyed from May 31 through Jul 12—26, 2019 August 5 in MN and ND (Fig 1). Jul 19—Aug 2, 2019 Fig 1. 2019 field sites. While MN scouts informally visited random soybean fields starting in early June, later than typical planting and delayed crop development was common throughout the southern four-fifths of Minnesota (Fig 2). Jul 26 - Aug 9, 2019 Fig 2. Growth stages, Jun 28-Jul 12, 2019. Formal soybean field surveys in Minnesota were Aug 2 - 16, 2019 initiated after Independence Day, lasting until mid- August. A total of 267 formal field visits occurred in Minnesota in 2019. Fig 3. Spider mites on edge of field. For Additional Information: Funding Provided by: Angie Peltier, Jared Goplen Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council Page 4 Soybean Crop Survey [continued] - statewide A primary focus of the survey was documenting soybean aphid population dynamics. Surveys used a protocol based on the “Speed Scouting” procedure which bases treatment decisions for soybean aphid on the treatment threshold of 250 aphids per plant. Scouts inspected a minimum of 31 plants at random from randomly selected soybean fields; plants with aphids were noted and used to determine the percentage of plants with at least one aphid. Aphid population densities on individual plants were visually estimated and tallied on field cards (Figure 4) by the numerical range estimated. Jun 28 - Jul 12, 2019 Jul 5 - 19, 2019 Figure 4. Pocket-sized card used to scout soybean fields for crop growth stage and spider mites and 31 plants within each field for soybean aphid population Jul 12—26, 2019 estimates. Although incidence and severity remained low, detectable aphid infestations were found in SE & S central (C) North Dakota beginning between June 28 and July 12 and in NW and SE Minnesota between July 19 and 26 (Figures 5 and 6). By August 9, individual fields with as high as 100% infested plants were found in WC and SE MN but densities averaged less than 20 aphids per plant. Aphid densities reached as high as 100 aphids per plant in a field in SE Minnesota by August 16 (Figure 5). Jul 19 - Aug 2, 2019 Figure 5. Percentage of surveyed soybean plants with at least one soybean aphid. For Additional Information: Funding Provided by: Angie Peltier, Jared Goplen Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council Page 5 Soybean Crop Survey [continued] - statewide Jul 5 - 19, 2019 Jul 26 - Aug 9, 2019 Jul 12 - 26, 2019 Aug 2 - Aug 16, 2019 Figure 5. Percentage of surveyed soybean plants with at least one soybean aphid. Jul 19 - Aug 2, 2019 Jun 28 - Jul 12, 2019 Figure 6. Average number of soybean aphids estimated per surveyed plant. Jul 26 - Aug 9, 2019 Figure 6. Average number of soybean aphids estimated per surveyed plant. For Additional Information: Funding Provided by: Angie Peltier, Jared Goplen Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council Page 6 Soybean Crop Survey [continued] - statewide Insecticide costs can vary widely (Table 1). For emergence herbicide or fungicide applications. example, per acre chemical costs for Warrior II (group 3A) costs between $2.37 and $4.74, while Soybean aphid populations resistant to insecticides Sivanto Prime (group 4D) retails between $17.99 in the pyrethroid class (3A) have rendered and $26.99. The economic benefit of scouting insecticides in this class largely ineffective. Others therefore cannot be overstated.