Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 5 (2017 10) 733-740 ~ ~ ~ УДК 821.161.1 Dmitry Glukhowsky as a Brand: between Literary Creativity and Self-Representation Eva Kozak* Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities 39 Żytnia Str., Siedlce, 08-110, Poland Received 10.01.2017, received in revised form 28.02.2017, accepted 11.04.2017 The present work attempts to examine the image of the modern Russian writer, Dmitry Glukhowsky, whose books have been translated to dozens of languages and have become base of computer games and many screen adaptations. Grate effort, like the literary output and advertising; have been connected with achieving this huge success. Undoubted influence on literary work of the Russian’s young generation writer had his education, journalist experience and unusually rich imagination inspired both by everyday events and also with creativity of notable representatives of the science fiction genre. General part of the presented article discusses the most important problematic aspects in Dmitry Glukhowsky’s work, particularly diversity of undertaken topics and unique poetics of individual novels and stories. Also, process connected with promotion and sharing books via separate web pages creation characterised with precise audio-visual editing, was mentioned here. Due to the undeniable literary value of Russian writer’s works as well as commitment with the aim of attractive and free of charge sharing his novel’s content, Glukhovsky’s output has become answer for 21st century reader’s demands. Keywords: Dmitry Glukhowsky, Russian literature of the 21st century, science fiction, literature in the internet. DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-0079. Research area: philology. Introduction the book would see this world or would it be Just several decades ago the life of a closed in the desk. novice writer was an uncomfortable one. It is impossible to say the number of talented Despite how much of his talent, time and even people who had to give up the literature and face not once health he spent on creating literary the fact that the public would never learn about works, the future of them was determined by them since their book had not appealed to the the publisher. It was him who decided whether publisher. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] – 733 – Eva Kozak. Dmitry Glukhowsky as a Brand: between Literary Creativity and Self-Representation Everything has changed due to the invention Fallout, a popular computer game of that time, of the Internet. The time has come for everyone with the fact – well-known to the capital citizens – to have an opportunity to be heard and since that the Moscow underground represents a highly so, not the publisher, but the readers decide the complex communication system aimed at serving future of the writer. In the past, the book to be as a cover in the case of a nuclear war. The idea recognized by the readers it had to be published of transformation of the everyday reality into first. Now, those works are being published which a fantasy space inhabited by post-apocalyptic have already been recognized by the readers in settlements of people with different mentality has the Net. later brought the young writer to the world fame Exactly through reflection of the novel (Puminov, 2016). Metro 2033 in the Internet, the readers have Then, he lived and studied in Israel for four learnt about Dmitry Glukhowsky as a writer. He and a half years. Having graduated from Hebrew is quite young, but has already written a number University of Jerusalem (his special fields are of novels bringing him a global fame and became “Journalism” and “International Relationships”), one of the pioneers of the online publications – Glukhowsky by the time of reaching the diploma over the course of a fourteen-years literature fluently spoke five languages. In 2002 the young activity online has become a brand. journalist moved to Lion (France), where he Moreover, Glukhowsky is a famous started cooperating with EuroNews, one of international journalist, who works with the most the European TV-channels. In 2005 the writer popular news agencies, a radio host and columnist returned back to Russia and worked as a reporter in rating publishings. on a renewed TV-channel called Russia Today. He was a member of the “President’s pool” (a non- Biography and career official journalist group covering the President’s Dmitry Glukhowsky was born June 12, activity) and televised live from Abkhasia and 1979 in Moscow, in the family of a journalist. Chernobyl, from the North Pole and Israel It is hard to say, what determined the talent of Kiryat Shmona located near the Libanese border the future fantast – whether it was inherited (Puminov, 2016). or formed by the family atmosphere – but his For one year Dmitry Glukhowsky lived favorite toy was his father’s typewriter. He in Germany working with such channels as started writing first stories when he was ten. His Deutsche Welle and Sky News (the UK). style and themes were influenced by the iconic Since 2007 Glukhowsky was a host on the fantasts of the Soviet period, i.e. by Strugatsky radio “Mayak”, and in 2009 he began hosting Brothers and Kir Bulychev, as well as by such a famous program “Fantastic Breakfast” on classics of that genre as Stanislaw Lem, Isaac the Internet-channel PostTV. In 2010 he was Asimov, Clifford Simak, Ray Bradbury. Soon, recognized as one of the columnists of the the short stories were changed into the novels program “Informatsiya” (eng. – “Information”) and tales. on CTC TV-channel. At the same time he hosted Glukhowsky finished the school named after a show “Press-Club XXI” where different V.D. Polenov with an in-depth study of French. cultural themes were discussed by journalists Studying in the prestige school caused long-time and bloggers (the program exited from April 16, travels within which Dmitry created new plots for 2010 till 2011 on “Kultura” (eng. – “Culture”) his stories. One of them was based on the mix of TV-channel (LiveLib, 2016). – 734 – Eva Kozak. Dmitry Glukhowsky as a Brand: between Literary Creativity and Self-Representation Literary works and the image was re-published in “Populyarnaya Literatura” of a modern writer (“Popular Literature”) (100 thousand of copies By that time Dmitry Glukhowsky could and a number of additional runs) and won the be considered as a famous person among the award at “Eurocon” competition as the best debut fantasts. The first collections of his stories of the year. The right to film this novel was given “Noch” (“Night”) and “Rasskazy o zhivotnykh” to the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corp., and the (“The Stories about Animals”) were written book was published abroad (and translated into during his student-hood. At the same period of 37 languages) and recorded as an audiobook. time he implemented his school idea about a Themed on the novel people created a computer post-nuclear Moscow, settlements of mysterious game and a series of book by different authors metro-inhabitants, mutants and anomalies. plotted in the world of Metro 2033. However, the novel Metro 2033 was fully rejected The novel Metro 2033 resembles some kind by all the publishers to whom Glukhowsky of a cut of the world and despite the fact that it applied. The main idea about constant changes is inhabited by the citizen of only one city, the in the world views leading the protagonist Russians mainly, it is in some sense a min-Earth. towards a conclusion on the necessity to keep Each station or several stations interlinked by the moving as the only source of believe and hope alliance has different climate, character, structure has completely ended with his death. This fact and beliefs. They also differ between each other was comprehended as absolute nonsense for the by the civil, cultural and technological levels. work of such format. Then the unrecognized This closed underground world contains fascists, writer took a gamble – in 2002 he created a communists, revolutionaries, Jehovah’s followers, personal web-site m-e-t-r-o.boom.ru (not existing tradespeople, military people, criminal and even in the present time). In this site he steadily posted cannibals – the whole ensemble of ideologies and all the thirteen chapters of the first version of statuses of the modern living society. the novel (ends with the protagonist’s death), The plot of the novel is generally oriented besides, each chapter contained special music in the action and introduction of the created offered for the reading-time. The result turned universe, on the existence of organization in the out to be unprecedented – the number of readers every-day life of the following, or sometimes, began rapidly increase reaching the number absolutely different stations of the Moscow of dozens of thousands. There were people of underground, as well as on changes in the different professions, and those who built the citizens’ consciousness. The majority of them underground and military people, and following do not remember about fresh air, green grass their recommendations, Glukhowsky corrected and the sun, which shines instead of making the text. More often people asked to change them blind. Those who remember dedicate the end and, finally, the author significantly re- themselves to their life “online”: they produce wrote the novel. A new version consisted of 20 electricity, grow mushrooms and raise pigs, take chapters was posted on the same site in 2005, and care of their facilities and trade. Some of them are it is available there now. In the same year, Metro loosed on the surface to get some survived tins 2033 was published by “Eksmo”, a publishing with the food, medicine and clothes.