HEDGES IN THE SPEECHES OF TOP 10 FINALISTS MISS GRAND INTERNATIONAL 2016 A THESIS BY: GUSRANDA TRITAMA REG. NO. 140721004 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara HEDGES IN THE SPEECHES OF TOP 10 FINALISTS MISS GRAND INTERNATIONAL 2016 A THESIS BY GUSRANDA TRITAMA REG. NO. 140721004 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Universitas Sumatera Utara Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on 27 December 2017. Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001 Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I GUSRANDA TRITAMA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : 27 December 2017 i Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : GUSRANDA TRITAMA TITLE OF THESIS : HEDGES IN THE SPEECHES OF TOP 10 FINALISTS MISS GRAND INTERNATIONAL 2016 QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : 27 December 2017 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank to the Almighty God, Allah SWT who has given me health, opportunity and ability to accomplish this thesis. Afterwards, invocation and greetings I deliver to Prophet Muhammad SAW. Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love and appreciation to: Dr. Deliana, M.Hum as the Head of Department of English who has shared her time to guide me in the process of my study. Dr. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans, M.Hum as my supervisor who has given his advice, criticism and valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this thesis and leading me to accomplish my thesis. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D as my co-supervisor who has given his valuable time in giving constructive critics in completing this thesis. Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as my examiner who has given her advice, criticism and valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this thesis and leading me to accomplish my thesis. My beloved parents Syofran Yohnny and Yulia Suseni. Thanks for your pray, support and endless love for me. I‟m proud of having both of you and I present this thesis special for you. My beloved sisters Yunita Olivia Syaputri, S.T and Inge Dwi Ratih, A.Md, thank you for always praying, supporting and understanding me. My beloved brothers-in-law, Ihsan Muttaqin, S.E and Ade Afrianto, A.Md, thank you for always praying, supporting and understanding me. My handsome nephew Dzeko Addin Rasyad as well as my beautiful nieces Safiyya Azzahra and Shadrina Ramadhani who have given me a lot of smile and laughter. iii Universitas Sumatera Utara My bestfriends Astari Ramadhani, Sri Endah Wulandari, Tria Meilani Handani, Natasha Aristanindika, Diva Firda, Nia Kharisma, Okki Kurnita, Giezla Muttaqien, Muhammad Iqbal Oloan Lubis and Muhammad Reza Fahlevi thank you for always being beside me when I am alone and when we are having fun. All my childhoodmates from Inalum Paritohan who I can‟t mention one by one, thank you for being part of my life. All my classmates at English Literature Extension Class of 2014 who have been graduated as well as who have not been graduated yet, I miss our moments in the class of all subjects with you guys! Especially for my Last Minute squad, Fazlan Isnanda who has been graduated first, followed by Aulia Syarif Nasution who let me to be graduated third after him and last but not least Ricky Adi Asputra who is still working hard for this degree but I believe that you can do it because it is better late than never. Finally, I do realize that this thesis is still far from perfect. Therefore, advice, constructive criticism and suggestions aimed for this thesis will be warmly welcomed and highly appreciated. I also hope this thesis would be useful for the readers in the future Medan, 27 December 2017 The author, GUSRANDA TRITAMA Reg. No. 140721004 iv Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT This thesis entitled “HEDGES IN THE SPEECHES OF TOP 10 FINALISTS MISS GRAND INTERNATIONAL 2016” contains of a study of the types of hedging construction used by the top 10 finalists Miss Grand International 2016 and the revealed hedge in their speeches during speech competition in the final night of Miss Grand International 2016. The analysis of types of hedging construction in this study uses theory by Chan Swee Heng-Helen Tan (2002:4) to identify the types of hedging construction which are divided into six types of hedging construction. The analysis of revealing the hedges uses theory of G. Lakoff (1972:195) in analyzing the revealed hedge. The methodology used in this thesis is qualitative method. In collecting data, the writer take all the speeches of top 10 finalists Miss Grand International 2016 and in data analysis, the writer used Azwar‟s theory (2004:36). From the analysis, it is found that there are 24 (twenty four) cases of hedges with the classification as follows: epistemic verbs (2 data), modal verbs (15 data), cognition verbs (6 data) and hypothetical constructions (1 data). From the data, modal verb is the most dominant type of hedging construction in the speeches of top 10 finalists Miss Grand International 2016 from 24 cases found. Keywords: Hedge, Hedging, Hedging construction, Speech, Epistemic verbs, Modal verbs, Cognition verbs and Hypothetical constructions. v Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul "HEDGES IN THE SPEECHES OF TOP 10 FINALISTS MISS GRAND INTERNATIONAL 2016" berisi kajian tentang tipe-tipe konstruksi hedging yang digunakan oleh 10 besar finalis Miss Grand International 2016 dan hedge yang terungkap dalam pidato mereka selama kompetisi pidato di malam final Miss Grand International 2016. Analisis tipe-tipe konstruksi hedging dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori dari Chan Swee Heng-Helen Tan (2002: 4) untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe konstruksi hedging yang terbagi dalam 6 tipe konstruksi hedging. Analisis pengungkapan hedge menggunakan teori dari G. Lakoff (1972: 195) dalam menganalisis hedge yang diungkapkan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, penulis mengambil semua pidato dari 10 besar finalis Miss Grand International 2016 dan dalam menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teori Azwar (2004: 36). Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat 24 (dua puluh empat) kasus hedge dengan klasifikasi sebagai berikut: epistemic verbs (2 data), modal verbs (15 data), cognition verbs (6 data) dan hypothetical constructions (1 data). Dari data tersebut, tipe modal verbs adalah tipe konstruksi hedging yang paling dominan dalam pidato 10 besar finalis Miss Grand International 2016 dari 24 kasus yang ditemukan. Kata kunci: Hedge, Hedging, Konstruksi hedging, Pidato, Kata kerja epistemik, Kata kerja modal, Kata kerja kognisi dan Konstruksi hipotesis. vi Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION.............................................................................. i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION........................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... v ABSTRAK............................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENT.......................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study........................................................ 1 1.2 Problem of the Study.............................................................. 5 1.3 Objective of the Study............................................................ 5 1.4 Scope of the Study.................................................................. 5 1.5 Significance of the Study........................................................ 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Review of Related Studies.................................................... 7 2.2 Hedges..................................................................................