PROCEEDING 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery “Strengthening Healthcare System Capacity to Disaster: Towards a Sustainable Risk Reduction” nd th Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 22 – 24 May 2017 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery “Strengthening Healthcare System Capacity to Disaster: Towards a Sustainable Risk Reduction” 22nd – 23rd May 2017 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia Disclaimer & Copyright DISCLAIMER The opinions and statements of facts expressed in the Papers in these proceedings are those of the Authors and do not necessarily represent those of the 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery, the editors, the organising committee or the supporters of this conference. No responsibility can be accepted by the conference organisers for errors or omissions in the individual papers. COPYRIGHT The material in these Papers is subject to copyright. Papers may be reproduced for publication/distribution only with the written consent of the paper author. ii 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery “Strengthening Healthcare System Capacity to Disaster: Towards a Sustainable Risk Reduction” 22nd – 23rd May 2017 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia MESSAGE FROM THE RECTOR I am extremely proud and happy to welcome all participants of the 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery organized by Syiah kuala University as a host. This event is conducted with fully funding supported from the the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). This conference is one of the most important events in Syiah Kuala University this year, since Syiah Kuala University as one of the leading university in disaster management science. We create this conference to serve the purpose in addressing the need to exchange knowledge and experience on ways of the health sector to handle a disaster, It is also our hope that this conference will act as a motivation for to publidh their idea and researches in the disaster health area. Syiah Kuala University (Unsyiah) is the oldest public university in Aceh. Currently, Unsyiah has more than 30,000 students studying in 12 faculties and the Graduate Program. As one of the higher educational institutions, Unsyiah have a strategic functions in enhancing the quality of human resources, both for local, national and regional levels. As university of the heart of Aceh People’s which quality as priority, Unsyiah integrating universal values, national, and local levels to deliver human resources with harmony in between science, technology and character building. The balance between them is become a main component in producing quality of human resources, virtuous character, ethics, aesthetics and morality. As the Rector of Syiah Kuala University, I would like to express my gratitude to the keynote and invited speakers, for making their time for this conference. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank the Organizing Committee for their hard work and endless support in making this event possible. Finally, to all participants, I wish you wonderful and enjoyable experience during your stay in Banda Aceh. Thank you. Sincerely, Prof. Dr. Ir. Samsul Rizal, M.Eng Rector of Syiah Kuala University iii 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery “Strengthening Healthcare System Capacity to Disaster: Towards a Sustainable Risk Reduction” 22nd – 23rd May 2017 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN On behalf of the organizing committee, I am honored and delighted to welcome you to the 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery. This conference is fully supported by DAAD. The committee is organized by German alumni, as well as the speakers and most of the participants. We have arranged this academic event will be participated by scholars, researchers, lecturers and stakeholders which 50 % of them are German alumni. Our conference program is rich and varied with 3 keynote speeches and 6 invited talks and around 21 technical papers split between 11 plenary lectures and 10 poster presentations. Presenters mostly come from German/ DAAD alumni, academics, researchers, health care professionals, government official and students from at least five provinces including Aceh, Makassar, Yogyakarta, Malang and Manado. We know that the success of the conference depends ultimately on the many people who have worked with us in planning and organizing the program. We thank everyone who has provided their wise advice and brilliant suggestion on organizing the program. We also thank to the DAAD as our main sponsor who have helped us to keep down the costs of the conference for all participants. Recognition should go to the organizing committee members who come from German Alumni Association (Perhimpunan Alumni Jerman), Tsunami & Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Zainal Abidin General Hospital (RSUDZA) as well as the students from Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, who have all worked extremely hard for the details important aspects of the conference program. Thank you. Sincerely, dr. Ichsan, M.Sc Chairman of the Organizing Committee iv 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery “Strengthening Healthcare System Capacity to Disaster: Towards a Sustainable Risk Reduction” 22nd – 23rd May 2017 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia PREFACE Over the last decade, natural disaster had become more frequent. According to EM-DAT (2015), the top 5 countries which most frequently hit by natural disasters are China, United States, Philippines, Indonesia and India. From the period 2004-2013 counts three years that have resulted in a major loss of life, including the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 with 226,408 with deaths, the cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008 with 138,366 deaths and the earthquake in Haiti in 2010 with 225,570 deaths. The challenges facing primary health care system after the disaster were many. The Indian Ocean tsunami struck on 26th December 2004, the primary public health concerns are clean drinking water, sanitation, shelter, food and medical care. Several hundred thousand displaced persons forced to shelter in numerous camps. And totally dependent for all basic human needs. Coastal regions and infrastructures in the affected countries were badly damaged that many of the social, economic and health gains that had been achieved in recent years were lost. The 12th January 2010 earthquake in Haiti also affected the health system in the country. When the disaster occurred, national authorities were not equipped to manage relief or recovery priorities. Structures of the governance were destroyed. The required services, health workers, resources, surveillance, funding and (attempts at) coordination were provided almost completely by international organisations, creating its own set of complications and delaying investments into the health system. The 11th March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan had caused a massive destruction in health sector include healthcare facilities, initial shortages of food, water, aid materials and rescue teams to the affected population in a rural area. Hundred thousand of people were evacuated to shelters with no heating and suffered from freezing temperatures. The above recent major disasters exemplify the need for health systems in strengthening their capacity to respond effectively to disaster. Each disaster and its context are different. But many of them shared similar health sector vulnerabilities. Thus, common disaster management practices and policies in the health sector can be built into the health system to create disaster resilience with all type of hazards approach. The health sector has to perform an essential role in respond to all kinds of disasters, as the protection of human beings and their health is of primary importance in all emergencies situation. To provide reliable services in crisis situations, it is important to strengthen health systems. As the community are confronted by new challenges and threats to all type of hazards, our preparedness efforts have to be adapted accordingly. Essential health services must have better preparedness to respond and to function adequately in the time of disaster. v 2017 Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery “Strengthening Healthcare System Capacity to Disaster: Towards a Sustainable Risk Reduction” 22nd – 23rd May 2017 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia Lessons learnt from previous calamities clearly indicate that risk reduction efforts largely pay off in a future disaster. Preparedness programmes will be more effective if they are designed and implemented as a continuous process, based on hazards and vulnerabilities analysis. The government health institutions play a significant role in securing and coordinating public health response to a disaster. It also requires political support, including appropriate financial and human resources, to ensure that the health system is well prepared to cope with future disaster. Disaster management is a topical issue globally. Thus, countries are being encouraged to improve their preparedness towards disaster, along with growing international commitment to strengthen health systems. Unfortunately, lessons which had been identified from disasters have not been effectively collated. Besides, the essential experience is easily forgotten. To address the need to exchange knowledge and experience on ways of the health sector to handle a disaster, it is thus essential to conduct the 2017 International Conference on Health Management in Post Disaster Recovery.