Technical Appendix E1 Cultural Heritage Assessment and Management Plan – Proposed Gorgon Development, Pilbara, North-Western Australia This page left blank intentionally. Cultural Heritage Assessment & Management Plan - Proposed Gorgon Development, Pilbara, North Western Australia April 2004 For Environmental Resources Management Australia Pty Ltd & ChevronTexaco Australia Pty Ltd 13 Bennewith Street, Hilton WA 6163. By PO Box 177, Fiona Hook South Fremantle WA 6162. Eddie McDonald Alistair Paterson Telephone: +61 8 9331 4600 Corioli Souter Facsimile: +61 8 9331 4700 Bruce Veitch This page left blank intentionally. - I - DISCLAIMER The authors are not accountable for omissions and inconsistencies that may result from information which may come to light in the future but which was not forthcoming at the time of this research. ABSTRACT This document details the results of detailed cultural heritage desktop research conducted for the proposed Gorgon Development on the Pilbara Coast and Barrow Island. An assessment of Indigenous, historic and maritime cultural heritage research is made and a description of preliminary field investigations in March 2004 on Barrow Island is also included in Appendix 2. It is clear from the assessment that Barrow Island holds an unusual place in the pre- history and history of Western Australia. While some cultural heritage assessments have occurred on the island and mainland pipeline route it is concluded that they are insufficient for ChevronTexaco Australia’s (CTA) proposal. There remains the high probability that unidentified cultural heritage is within the proposed Gorgon Development area. The major conclusions of the report are: 1. The three Indigenous communities (Yabburara/Mardudhunera, Kurama Marthudunera and Thanlanyji) who have expressed an interest need to be consulted in relation to cultural heritage management within the proposed Gorgon Development. This consultation may include physical inspection of the proposed development on Barrow Island and on the mainland. 2. That at present: a) Two identified cultural heritage sites may be impacted on Barrow Island by the Flacourt Bay Gas Feed Pipeline option. b) Four identified cultural heritage sites may be impacted on the mainland. 3. Owing to the low level of formal investigation, prior to construction all proposed ground disturbance areas, including the seabed, should be systematically surveyed for Indigenous, historical and maritime cultural heritage. 4. Proposed construction should be monitored in areas of high potential for sub- surface cultural material. This document also contains a detailed cultural heritage management plan (CHMP) for the proposed development. Cultural Heritage Assessment & Draft Management Plan – Proposed Gorgon Development archae-aus - II - TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ........................................................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ I TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................II LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................. III LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................................................... III LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................... III 1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1 1.1 PERSONNEL........................................................................................................................1 1.2 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................2 1.3 GLOSSARY..........................................................................................................................3 2 GORGON DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................................4 3 LEGISLATION.............................................................................................................................5 3.1 INDIGENOUS HERITAGE..................................................................................................5 3.2 HISTORIC HERITAGE........................................................................................................5 3.3 MARITIME HERITAGE ......................................................................................................6 4 CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................7 4.1 INDIGENOUS HERITAGE..................................................................................................7 4.1.1 Indigenous Anthropology..................................................................................................7 4.1.1.1 Language Groups ..................................................................................................................7 4.1.1.2 Ethnographic Evidence for Indigenous Offshore Island Use ................................................8 4.1.1.3 Mythological Connections ....................................................................................................9 4.1.1.4 Known Indigenous Groups and Cultural Heritage Sites...................................................... 10 4.1.2 Indigenous Archaeology .................................................................................................11 4.1.2.1 Barrow Island...................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.2.2 Mainland ............................................................................................................................. 17 4.2 HISTORIC HERITAGE......................................................................................................19 4.2.1 Barrow Island.................................................................................................................19 4.2.1.1 Previous Surveys................................................................................................................. 22 4.2.1.2 Sites..................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.1.3 Collected Artefacts.............................................................................................................. 23 4.2.2 Mainland.........................................................................................................................24 4.3 MARITIME HERITAGE ....................................................................................................25 4.3.1 Mainland.........................................................................................................................27 4.4 CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................28 5 CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN (CHMP) ...............................................32 5.1 CULTURAL HERITAGE PRINCIPALS............................................................................32 5.2 CHMP RESPONSIBILITIES..............................................................................................32 5.2.1 Notification and Reporting .............................................................................................33 5.2.2 Review Process...............................................................................................................34 5.3 PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERTIAGE SITES ........................................................34 5.3.1 Known Cultural Heritage Sites.......................................................................................35 5.3.2 Inadvertent Discovery.....................................................................................................35 5.3.2.1 Burials................................................................................................................................. 35 5.3.2.2 Indigenous Archaeological Sites......................................................................................... 37 5.3.2.3 Historical Archaeological Sites........................................................................................... 38 Cultural Heritage Assessment & Draft Management Plan – Proposed Gorgon Development archae-aus - III - 5.3.2.4 Terrestrial Maritime Archaeological Sites .......................................................................... 39 5.3.2.5 Underwater Maritime Archaeological Sites ........................................................................ 39 6 REFERENCES CITED ..............................................................................................................44 APPENDIX 1 ........................................................................................................................................48 LIST OF KNOWN CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN VICINITY OF GORGON DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................................................48 Barrow Island