Pedogenic processes in soils of urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas Hermine Huot, Geoffroy Séré, Sophie Leguédois, Laure Vidal Beaudet, Christophe Schwartz, Françoise Watteau, Jean-Louis Morel To cite this version: Hermine Huot, Geoffroy Séré, Sophie Leguédois, Laure Vidal Beaudet, Christophe Schwartz, etal.. Pedogenic processes in soils of urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas. Soils within Cities, Catena-Schweizerbart, pp.71-76, 2017, GeoEcology essay, 978-3-510-65411-6. hal-01595163 HAL Id: hal-01595163 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01595163 Submitted on 5 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike| 4.0 International License Soils within Cities Global approaches to their sustainable management (GLWRUV0-/HYLQ.+-.LP-/0RUHO:%XUJKDUGW 3&KDU]\ĔVNL5.6KDZ ,866:RUNLQJ*URXS68,70$ CATENA SUITMA soil sciences International Union of Soil Sciences GeoEcology Essays Soils within Cities Global approaches to their sustainable management – composition, properties, and functions of soils of the urban environment Editors: pages Maxine J. Levin, Kye-Hoon John Kim, Jean Louis Morel, Wolfgang Burghardt, Przemysâaw Charzyĕski, Richard K. Shaw IUSS Working Group SUITMA With 113 figures and 23 tables SampleCATENA soil sciences imprint of Schweizerbart Science Publishers Stuttgart 2017 eschweizerbart_XXX (GV0-/HYLQ.+-.LP-/0RUHO:%XUJKDUGW3&KDU]\ĔVNL5.6KDZ ,866:RUNLQJ*URXS68,70$ 6RLOVZLWKLQ&LWLHV *OREDODSSURDFKHVWRWKHLUVXVWDLQDEOHPDQDJHPHQW±FRPSRVLWLRQSURSHUWLHVDQGIXQFWLRQVRIVRLOVRIWKH XUEDQHQYLURQPHQW 3OHDVHFLWHWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQDVIROORZV /HYLQ0-.LP.+-0RUHO-/%XUJKDUGW:&KDU]\ĔVNL36KDZ5.HGLWHGRQEHKDOIRI,866 :RUNLQJ*URXS68,70$6RLOVZLWKLQ&LWLHV±&DWHQD6FKZHL]HUEDUW6WXWWJDUW &KLHIHGLWRU¶VDGGUHVV Maxine J. Levin ([email protected]) 8QLWHG6WDWHV'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH1DWXUDO5HVRXUFHV&RQVHUYDWLRQ6HUYLFH We are interested to receive your comments, criticism (praise too) on this title. Please contact: [email protected] &RYHUSKRWRE\:ROIJDQJ%XUJKDUGW'LVSODFHPHQWRIYHJHWDEOHIDUPVE\UHVLGHQWLDODUHD1DQMLQJ&LW\ &KLQD /RJRRI:RUNLQJ*URXS68,70$ZDVGHVLJQHGE\'U0DUFLQĝZLWRQLDNIURP1LFRODXV&RSHUQLFXV8QLYHUVLW\pages LQ7RUXĔ3RODQGDQGZDVRႈFLDOO\LQWURGXFHGLQ 6SRQVRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO8QLRQRI6RLO6FLHQFHV :RUNLQJ*URXS±6RLOVRI8UEDQ,QGXVWULDO7UDႈF0LOLWDU\DQG0LQLQJ$UHDV 68,70$ ,6%1 ,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKLVWLWOHZZZVFKZHL]HUEDUWFRP (6FKZHL]HUEDUW¶VFKH9HUODJVEXFKKDQGOXQJ 1lJHOHX2EHUPLOOHU 6WXWWJDUW*HUPDQ\ $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHGVWRUHGLQDUHWULHYDOV\VWHPRUWUDQVPLW WHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQVHOHFWURQLFPHFKDQLFDOSKRWRFRS\LQJUHFRUGLQJRURWKHUZLVHZLWKRXWWKH SULRUZULWWHQSHUPLVVLRQRI(6FKZHL]HUEDUW¶VFKH9HUODJVEXFKKDQGOXQJ6WXWWJDUW 3XEOLVKHU&DWHQD6RLO6FLHQFHVLPSULQWRI(6FKZHL]HUEDUW¶VFKH9HUODJVEXFKKDQGOXQJSample 1lJHOHX2EHUPLOOHU -RKDQQHVVWUDH$6WXWWJDUW*HUPDQ\ PDLO#VFKZHL]HUEDUWGHZZZVFKZHL]HUEDUWFRP P3ULQWHGRQSHUPDQHQWSDSHUFRQIRUPLQJWR,62 3ULQWHGLQ*HUPDQ\E\*HEU.Q|OOHU*PE+ &R.*6WXWWJDUW eschweizerbart_XXX Table of contents ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHFKDOOHQJHVIRUVRLOVLQWKHXUEDQHQYLURQPHQW -/0RUHO:%XUJKDUGW.+- .LP $FWLYLWLHVRI68,70$IURPRULJLQWRIXWXUH :%XUJKDUGW-/0RUHO6$7D KRXQ*/=KDQJ5.6KDZ$%RXODUEDK3&KDU]\ĔVNL&6LHEH.+-.LP &RPSRVLWLRQSURSHUWLHVDQGIXQFWLRQVRIVRLOVLQWKHXUEDQHQYLURQPHQW 0DLQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIXUEDQVRLOV :%XUJKDUGW $QWKURSRJHQLFVRLOFULWHULDLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGFODVVL¿FDWLRQRIKXPDQDOWHUHGDQG KXPDQWUDQVSRUWHGPDWHULDOV 5/5LGGOH0-/HYLQ 8UEDQVRLOVFRQWDPLQDWLRQ 61RUUD=&KHQJ )XQFWLRQVRIVRLOVLQWKHXUEDQHQYLURQPHQW $*UHLQHUW +HDWWUDQVIHULQXUEDQVRLOV 0:DWDQDEH60L\DMLPD +\GUDXOLFSURSHUWLHVRIXUEDQVRLOV 5+RUQ+)OHLJH,=LPPHUPDQQ-'RHUQHU 3HGRJHQLFHYROXWLRQRIXUEDQVRLOVpages 3HGRJHQLFSURFHVVHVLQVRLOVRIXUEDQLQGXVWULDOWUD൶FPLQLQJDQGPLOLWDU\DUHDV ++XRW*6pUp/9LGDO%HDXGHW6/HJXpGRLV&6FKZDUW]):DWWHDX-/ 0RUHO 6SHFL¿FSURSHUWLHVRIVRLOVXQGHUQHDWKSDYHPHQWFRQVWUXFWLRQ 0.DZDKLJDVKL 0LFURSHGRORJ\RI68,70$V ):DWWHDX*6pUp++XRW-&%HJLQ&6FKZDUW] 54LX-/0RUHO &ODVVL¿FDWLRQRIXUEDQVRLOV 3&KDU]\ĔVNL-0*DOEUDLWK&.DEDáD'.KQ 793URNRIHYD9,9DVHQHY 8UEDQVRLOVXUYH\V 7KHFDVHRIWKH1HZ<RUN&LW\6RLO6XUYH\3URJUDP8QLWHG6WDWHV 5.6KDZ-7 ,VOHLE 7KHFDVHRI*HUPDQ\ /0DNRZVN\-6FKQHLGHU 7KHFDVHRI7RUXĔ3RODQG 3&KDU]\ĔVNL3+XOLV] 7KHFDVHRI0RVFRZ5XVVLD 793URNRI¶HYD,$0DUW\QHQNR 7KHPDQDJHPHQWRIVRLOVLQWKHXUEDQHQYLURQPHQW 6RLOVLQJUHHQLQIUDVWUXFWXUH 30DQNLHZLF]70RULQ=&KHQJ :DVWHFDSSLQJV\VWHPVSURFHVVHVDQGFRQVHTXHQFHVIRUWKHORQJWHUPLPSHUPHDELO SampleLW\ 6W%HFN%URLFKVLWWHU+)OHLJH5+RUQ 3HGRORJLFDO HQJLQHHULQJ IRU EURZQ¿HOG UHFODPDWLRQ * 6pUp & 6FKZDUW] -&RUWHW6*XLPRQW):DWWHDX026LPRQQRW-/0RUHO 8VLQJ ZDVWHV IRU IHUWLOH XUEDQ VRLO FRQVWUXFWLRQ ± 7KH )UHQFK 5HVHDUFK 3URMHFW 6,7(55( /9LGDO%HDXGHW3&DQQDYR&6FKZDUW]*6pUp%%pFKHW0/HJ UHW3(3H\QHDX3%DWDLOODUG6&RXVV\2'DPDV eschweizerbart_XXX IV Table of contents 6RLOVHDOLQJZD\VFRQVWUDLQWVEHQH¿WVDQGPDQDJHPHQW :%XUJKDUGW 8UEDQDJULFXOWXUH 8UEDQDJULFXOWXUHDQGIRRGVHFXULW\ 5/DO *DUGHQVRLOVLQLQGXVWULDOFRXQWULHV &6FKZDUW]6-RLPHO3%UDQFKX-/0RUHO ('&KHQRW%%pFKHW-1&RQVDOqV 5HFRYHU\RIVWUDWHJLFPHWDOVIURPXUEDQVRLOV 026LPRQQRW%/DXELH-0R FHOOLQ*0HUFLHU-)%ODLV-/0RUHO (FRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVSURYLGHGE\VRLOV 8UEDQVRLOVDUHSULPDU\SURYLGHUVRIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV -/0RUHO./RUHQ]& &KHQX*6pUp 5HJXODWLQJVHUYLFHVSURYLGHGE\XUEDQVRLOV &DUERQVWRUDJHLQXUEDQVRLOV ./RUHQ]5.6KDZ 8UEDQVRLOVDVSKRVSKRUXVUHVHUYRLU .+-.LP71HKOV&6FKZDUW]-/ 0RUHO %LRGLYHUVLW\ $$XFOHUF (FRV\VWHP VHUYLFHV SURYLGHG E\ KHDY\ PHWDO FRQWDPLQDWHG VRLOV LQ &KLQD .'LQJ4:X+:HL:<DQJ*6pUp6:DQJ*(FKHYDUULD<7DQJ -7DR-/0RUHO54LX 3ROOXWLRQPLWLJDWLRQQDWXUDODWWHQXDWLRQRIRUJDQLFSROOXWDQWV &/H\YDO$ &pEURQ7%HJXLULVWDLQ3)DXUH62XYUDUG pages &XOWXUDOVHUYLFHVSURYLGHGE\XUEDQVRLOV 'HYLOLQWKHVDQG±WKHFDVHRI7HXIHOVEHUJ%HUOLQDQGFXOWXUDOHFRV\VWHP VHUYLFHVSURYLGHGE\XUEDQVRLOV *:HVVROHN$57RODQG 0LFURVWUXFWXUDOSLFWXUHVDWRXULQWKHWKLFNQHVVRI68,70$ ):DWWHDX* 6HUH++XRW&6FKZDUW]-/0RUHO .H\LQLWLDWLYHVRQVRLODZDUHQHVVE\*OREDO6RLO6FLHQFH&RPPXQLWLHV:RUOG 6RLO 'D\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO <HDU RI 6RLOV DQG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'HFDGH RI 6RLOV ± -<DQJ.+-.LP6+XEHU5+RUQ Sample eschweizerbart_XXX 1 1 Introduction 1.1 The challenges for soils in the urban environment Introduction 7KHYDVWPDMRULW\RIVRLOVDUHQRZXQGHUKXPDQLQÀXHQFHRULQWKHXUEDQHQYLURQPHQWDQGWKLV LVZKHUHDOPRVWRIKXPDQEHLQJVDUHH[SHFWHGWROLYHE\ 7DEOH 6XUIDFHDUHDV VWURQJO\PRGL¿HGE\KXPDQDFWLYLWLHVH[SDQGHGYHU\IDVWZRUOGZLGHGXHWRDYDLODEOHH൶FLHQW PDFKLQHU\DQGWRPRQXPHQWDOKXPDQSURMHFWVWKDWFRQYHUWQDWXUDOVRLOLQWRXUEDQL]HGVXUIDFH ZLWKRXWFRQVLGHULQJWKHORVVRIRXU1DWXUDOFDSLWDO/DQG$൵HFWHGE\+XPDQVKDVLQFUHDVHG RIWKHVXUIDFHDUHDRIFLWLHVLQ(XURSHVLQFHWKH¶VZLWKDORVVRINPRIDJULFXOWXUDO ODQGSHU\HDUV$ERXWRIWKH(XURSHDQWHUULWRU\LVQRZVHDOHGUHSUHVHQWLQJPSHU FLWL]HQ DQG XS WR KD DUH FRQYHUWHG HYHU\ GD\ KWWSHFHXURSDHXHQYLURQPHQWVRLOVHDO LQJBJXLGHOLQHVKWP Table 1.1-1. Percentage of Population residing in urban areas (United Nations 2011, in Burghardt et al. 2015). &RXQWU\<HDU pages :RUOG -DSDQ *HUPDQ\ 1LJHULD $VDUHVXOWKHQFHIRUWKKXPDQLW\ZLOOWKULYHRQVWURQJO\PRGL¿HGVRLOVDQGFHUWDLQO\PRVW O\RQDUWL¿FLDOL]HGVRLOV,QXUEDQDUHDVVRLOVDUHGLVWLQFWIURPRWKHUDUHDVE\L WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ WKURXJKPL[LQJFRPSDFWLRQOHYHOLQJVHDOLQJH[FDYDWLRQDQGLL H[SRUWDWLRQDQGLQSXWRIVRLO DQGH[RJHQRXVPDWHULDO LHWHFKQRJHQLF ZDVWHV RUJDQLFLQHUWWR[LF DQGGUHGJHGPDWHUL DOV 'H.LPSHDQG0RUHO $OVRVRPHVRLOVDUHGHVLJQHGWRIXO¿OOVSHFL¿FIXQFWLRQVDQG SURYLGHDUDQJHRIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV HJWUDQVSRUWDWLRQZDWHUPDQDJHPHQWJUHHQLQIUDVWUXF WXUHV ,QFLWLHVGHHSO\WUDQVIRUPHGVRLOVFRH[LVWDORQJZLWKQDWXUDOVRLOV VKRZLQJRQO\OLWWOH FKDQJHVH[FHSWDYHU\GL൵HUHQWHQYLURQPHQW VXFKDVLQXUEDQIRUHVWV ³8UEDQVRLO´LVRIWHQXVHGWRGHVLJQDWHVRLOVRIDQWKURSL]HGDUHDV+RZHYHUWKLVGH¿QLWLRQ LVWRRUHVWULFWLYHWRWDNHLQWRDFFRXQWDOODUHDVWKDWDUHWUDQVIRUPHGE\KXPDQDFWLYLWLHV)RUWKDW UHDVRQ68,70$ Soils of Urban Industrial Tra৽ c Mining and Military areas ZDVSURSRVHG E\%XUJKDUGWDQG0RUHOLQWRHQFRPSDVVDOOVRLOVXQGHUVWURQJKXPDQLQÀXHQFHDQGWR HPSKDVL]HWKDWWKHVRFDOOHG³XUEDQVRLOV´DUHIRXQGLQDODUJHYDULHW\RIVWURQJO\DQWKURSL]HG DUHDV³0LOLWDU\´ZDVDGGHGLQDVWKRVHDFWLYLWLHVDUHRIPDMRULPSDFWRQVRLOV+RZHYHULISample ³68,70$´EHWWHUH[SUHVVHVWKHGLYHUVLW\RIDQWKURSL]HGDUHDVHDFKH[KLELWLQJVSHFL¿FIHDWXUHV LQWKLVERRNDQGLQPDQ\RWKHUSXEOLFDWLRQV³XUEDQVRLO´LVXVHGZLWKWKHJHQHULFPHDQLQJPDN LQJ³68,70$´DQG³XUEDQVRLO´V\QRQ\PV ,QWKLVLQWURGXFWLYHFKDSWHUZHZLOOEULHÀ\FRQVLGHUWKHFKDOOHQJHVIDFHGE\XUEDQKXPDQLW\ DQGWKHLUFRQVHTXHQFHVRQVRLOV7KHQWKHJHQHUDOIHDWXUHVRI68,70$VWKDWZLOOEHGHVFULEHG eschweizerbart_XXX 2 1 Introduction ZLWKPRUHGHWDLODOODORQJWKHERRNZLOOEHVKRUWO\JLYHQ)LQDOO\WKHFKDOOHQJHVWKDW6RLO6FLHQFH IDFHVUHJDUGLQJLWVUROHLQXUEDQDUHDVZLOOEHDGGUHVVHG7KHDXWKRUVDUHZHOODZDUHWKDWWKRVH FKDOOHQJHVDUHDYLHZRIVRLOVFLHQWLVWVDQGWKDWWKH\VKRXOGEHFKDOOHQJHGZLWKYLHZVRIRWKHU DFWRUVRIWKHFLW\HQYLURQPHQW HJFLW\SODQQHUV 7KH\DUHDOVRDZDUHRIWKHQHFHVVLW\WRDGDSW RXUVHPDQWLFDQGVFLHQWL¿FSHUVSHFWLYHWRWKHXUEDQHQYLURQPHQWWREHXQGHUVWRRGDQGIROORZHG E\WKHQXPHURXVVWDNHKROGHUVLQFKDUJHRIWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVXVWDLQDEOHFLWLHV Challenges for the urban environment %XLOGLQJVXVWDLQDEOHDQGHQMR\DEOHFLWLHVLVRQHRIWKHPDLQH[SHFWDWLRQVRIKXPDQLW\WKDWLQ YROYHVDVHULHVRILPSRUWDQWFKDOOHQJHV 7KHLQFUHDVLQJXUEDQSRSXODWLRQSURGXFHVDQLQFUHDVLQJGHPDQGLQJRRGV