S t a t u s R e p o r t Africa-EU Energy Partnership U p d a t e : 2 0 1 6 — Status Report Update: 2016 A f r i c a - E U E n A mid-term report on progress, achievements and future perspectives e r g y P a r t n e r s h i p Africa-EU Energy Partnership Status Report Update: 2016 A mid-term report on progress, achievements and future perspectives About the Africa-EU Energy Partnership The Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) is one of the the African Union Commission, the Common Market for eight partnerships created following the December 2007 Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Secretariat, Egypt, Lisbon summit, under the Joint Africa-EU Strategy the European Commission, Germany and Italy. The AEEP (JAES) – a long-term framework for co-operation that Secretariat is hosted by the EU Energy Initiative’s allows Africa and Europe to work together to develop a Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF). shared vision, common policy approaches and actions. This is central to achieving the AEEP’s overall objective – The AEEP’s data-monitoring and targets for renewables, of improving access to reliable, secure, affordable and energy access, efficiency and security are the subject of sustainable energy services on both continents. this report, which updates the AEEP’s 2014 Status Report (which may be downloaded at http://euei- The AEEP’s efforts focus on meeting a series of concrete, pdf.org/aeep-status-report ). The 2014 Status Report realistic and visible targets by 2020, as agreed at the described efforts to set benchmarks and monitor Partnership’s First High Level Meeting, held in Vienna in progress to meet the AEEP’s goals, and pointed to September 2010, and at subsequent meetings, of which directions for continued action. These included the Second Stakeholder Forum, to be held on 16-17 May discussion of whether the AEEP’s 2020 targets should be 2016 at the Politecnico di Milano in Italy, is the latest. revised – a discussion expanded in this Status Report: The AEEP receives political guidance from a Steering 2016 Update , ahead of the Second Stakeholder Forum in Group which is currently made up of representatives of Milan. AEEP 2020 Political Targets Declaration of the First High Level Meeting of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership Vienna, Austria, 14 September 2010 “We , African Ministers responsible for Energy, and ensuring adequate levels of generation capacity; European Union (EU) Ministers responsible for Africa-EU • doubling the use of natural gas in Africa, as well as energy relations resolve to work within the AEEP to attain doubling African gas exports to Europe , by building the following targets , in the timeframe up to 2020: natural gas infrastructure, notably to bring currently flared gas to market. Energy Access As a contribution to the African objective of achieving a Renewable Energy and Energy continent-wide rate of access to modern and sustainable energy of around 50%, Africa and the EU will take joint Efficiency action to: Africa and the EU will take joint action to increase both energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy in • bring access to modern and sustainable energy services Africa by: to at least an additional 100 million Africans , focusing on sustainable models: to provide energy for basic • building 10,000MW of new hydropower facilities , taking services (health, education, water, communication); to into consideration social and environmental power productive activities; and to provide safe and standards; sustainable energy services to households. • building at least 5,000MW of wind power capacity ; Energy Security • building 500MW of all forms of solar energy capacity ; Africa and the EU will take joint action to improve energy • tripling the capacity of other renewables , such as security by: geothermal, and modern biomass; and • doubling the capacity of cross-border electricity • improving energy efficiency in Africa in all sectors , interconnections , both within Africa and between Africa starting with the electricity sector, in support of Africa's and Europe, thus increasing trade in electricity while continental, regional and sectoral targets.” Steering Group 4 | AEEP Contents AEEP 2020 Political Targets 4 Renewable Energy Installed capacity in 2010 and 2015 28 Introduction and Key Findings 6 Encouraging partnership: the RECP 29 Progress in a changing environment 7 Installed renewable capacity by technology 29 Map: Africa’s energy infrastructure 9 Map: North African renewables projects 31 Baseline Data Hydroelectric generation, Installed capacity, 2000-15 32 Tracking developments in the African energy sector 10 Solar power grows strongly 34 Aligning with SE4All and other actors 11 Solar generation capacity 35 Wind power generation capacity, 2000-15 36 Information gaps and methodology 12 Tripling other renewables: geothermal and biomass 38 The Policy Environment Map: Sub-Saharan renewables projects 39 Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa 14 Energy Efficiency Coordinating Multiple African Energy Initiatives 14 Overview, EE Laws and Regulations 40 Energy Access Energy Intensity 41 Mixed results for key indicators 15 Network losses 43 Improving market economics ,Progress in electrification 16 African and European Contributions Map: Access to electricity and non-solid fuels 17 African national government budget allocations 45 Questions about clean cooking 18 Subnational spending 46 Access to electricity and non-solid cooking fuel, 2012 19 Emerging private sources 47 Offgrid issues 20 European contributions 48 Energy Security Targets to 2020 and beyond 49 Installed capacity by technology, 2010 and 2015 21 Map: Power pools, power lines and PIDA projects 22 Imprint 50 Doubling Cross-border Interconnections 23 Doubling The Use Of Natural Gas 25 Consumption of natural gas in Africa, 2000-14 25 Map: Natural gas infrastructure and trade routes 26 Africa gas exports to Europe, 2000-14 27 Exporting gas from Africa to Europe 27 Abbreviations Definitions bcm billion cubic metres km kilometre Hydropower includes micro-hydro and pumped storage bn billion kV kilovolt projects unless otherwise stated. C02e C02 equivalent kW kilowatt Biomass for electricity generation (rather than, cooking) covers the burning of organic matter . This category of CSP concentrated solar m million ‘Other Renewables’ includes waste-to-power projects. power MJ/$ million joules/dollar GJ gigajoule Solar is utilised as a semantic covering any form of MW megawatt electricity generation which uses the sun as its sole GW gigawatt (MW1,000) PV photovoltaic energy source unless further specified. h hour (as in GWh) tcf trillion cubic feet Thermal covers fossil fuels such as petroleum products HEP hydroelectric power and coal when used for electricity. t/yr tonnes a year AEEP | 5 Introduction Status Report: 2016 Update The First AEEP Status Report was published to coincide remain elusive goals. As the 2014 Status Report observed, with the Second High Level Meeting of the Africa-EU the situation is not helped by the poor quality of much of Energy Partnership, held in Addis Ababa in February 2014. the existing data. While far from perfect, the Global It was the result of more than two years of work Tracking Framework (GTF) – established within the SE4All conducted by the AEEP Secretariat, its consultants and framework and driven by a Steering Group led jointly by stakeholders, to help the Partnership to meet its objective the World Bank Group’s Energy Sector Management of tracking progress against the AEEP 2020 Political Assistance Programme (ESMAP) and the International Targets and inform decision-making in Africa-EU energy Energy Agency (IEA) – has started to produce more cooperation. In this, it conformed with the mandate authoritative data sets, which are expected to improve established for the AEEP at the 2007 Africa-EU Summit further in the next few years. This data is used for access held in Lisbon: to establish benchmarks by which the and efficiency indicators in this report. Partnership’s Political Targets could be measured. This Status Report Update is to be launched at the AEEP’s The report’s origins were in a comprehensive baseline Second Stakeholder Forum, to be held in Milan, Italy on 16- study, Monitoring Progress under the AEEP , which was 17 May 2016. It is hoped that its data and analysis will launched at the AEEP’s First Stakeholder Forum in Cape help the AEEP’s diverse community of stakeholders – who Town, South Africa in May 2012. The 2014 Status Report include governments, public institutions, civil society, was notable for operationalising the AEEP Monitoring Tool academia and business – to take stock of progress to date – a Power Project Database containing more than 3,250 and develop policy for Africa and Europe to move ahead. individual generation projects, along with details of A critical issue to be informed by this report is whether, transmission lines, cross-border connections and export following nearly a decade of growth in the African energy markets, and other data. The 2014 Status Report was an industries, the AEEP’s political targets are still relevant in ambitious project; it is a reflection of the lack of data developing sustainable energy systems. The AEEP Power about many African energy sectors that there had been Project Database shows that solar power capacity little like it to date. Indeed, judging from feedback installed since the 2010 baseline already far exceeds the received by the AEEP, the project is still seen as AEEP 2020 Political Target of adding 500MW. authoritative in 2016, when the need to collect and collate more accurate data has risen up the global agenda, Discussions held in preparation for the Second Stakeholder following an upsurge in international attention paid to Forum in Milan suggest it may be appropriate to ask if the African energy issues from initiatives such as the United Political Targets’ timeframe should be extended. A number Nations-led Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All), US of major initiatives – including SE4All, AREI and Power President Barack Obama’s Power Africa and the African Africa – have a shared target date: 2030.