ARMEN AFFAIRS ARMENIAN AFFAIRS A JOURNAL ON ARMENIAN STUDIES Editor Charles A. Vertanes Board of. Editorial Advisers Harootiun Asdourian Bishop Sion Manoogian History Current History Cordoba, Argentina Bishop Tiran Nersoyan Henry A. Atkinson Church History Current Affairs Abraham A. Neuman A. A. Bedikian Near East History History and Literature Dropsie College for Hebrew and Zabelle G. Boyajian Cognate Learning Art and Literature Reinhold Niebuhr London, England Religion and International Affairs Lawson p. Chambers Union Theological Seminary Philosophy Washington University Peniamin Noorigian H. M. Dadourian Literature Science and Current Affairs Ernest Partridge Trinity College Education and Missions KoREN Der Harootian A. Safrastian Sculpture Archeology and History Sirarpie Der Nersessian London, England Archeology Art and Joseph B. Schechtman Harvard University Current History and the Near East Frederick L. Fagley Robert Searle Current Affairs W. Arsen Goergizian Social and Political Affairs Church History and Current Affairs Moushegh Seropian Vahan Hagopian History, Literature and Current Affairs Architecture Nicosia, Cyprus Vahe Haig K. Sitae Literature Poetry Archbishop Karekin Mihrtad Tiryakian Literature and E^cclesiastical History Philology, Literature and History Buenos Aires, Argentina Carl Hermann Voss Emil Lengyel Religion and International Affairs Turkey and the Near East Jane S. Wingate New York University Folk Literature Editorial Associates Armine Dikijian Harry Haroutunian Correspondents Ed^vard V. Gulbenkian Noubar Maxoudian Great Britain Cyprus Caro a. Martin Vartan Melkonian India, Pakistan, and the Far East Iraq Hrant S. Rshduni Hungary Armenian Affairs, a quarterly, published by the Armenian National Council of America, 144 E. 24th Street, New York 10, N. Y. Subscription, $5.00 per year; single issues, $1.50 per copy. Authors are responsible for opinions expressed in their articles. Members of the editorial advisory board assume responsibility only for opinions expressed in articles signed by them, •^^^zoo Copyright 1950. — — ARMENIAN AFFAIRS Spring, 1950 Vol. I, No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Appeal of Georg VI [130] Frontispiece Georg VIj Catholicos and Patriarch of All the Armenians [1311 Cyril II, late Patriarch of Jerusalem [1321 Alice Stone Blackwell, Friend of the Armenian People [1331 Banquet in Honor of Alice Stone Blackwell, 1903 [1341 Alice Stone Blackwell—A Symposium Charles A. Vertanes 135 A Biographical Sketch Maud Wood Park Relations with Armenians M. C. Gismegian Interest in Armenia's Political Destiny A Tribute Samuel A. Eliot A Sonnet William Lloyd Garrison, Jr. Armenians As I Have Known Them Alice Stone Blackwell The Lake of Van (Poem) Raffi Notes on the Evolution of Armenia's Architecture Vahan Hagopian 151 Literary Pilgrimages to Armenia From America to Armenia K. Sital 159 From Moscow to Yerevan A. Arsharuni 166 A Brief Sketch of Armenian History Vazkene Aykouni 176 Briefs The Comedy of Life — "Uucle Geer" G. Eksoozian 185 Tribute to Armenians Thomas A. Sparks^ S.T.D. 188 Theodore Roosevelt and Armenia Ashag Mahdesian 190 Reports The Internationalization of Jerusalem and the Armenian Patriarchate 193 Letter Regarding the New Jerusalem Plan 197 Biographical Sketches His Beatitude Cyril II, Arshag Mahdesian, Artak Darbinian, and Leon Guerdan A. Meliksetian 199 Book Reviews Lengyel 206 Country Without Economic Backbone ...i : Emil The Armenian Question in Paris in 1919 C. P. IVES Letters to the Editor 210 Documents Testimony of the Armenian National Council on Genocide : 215 .-. Bibliography : 223 Books Received 227 Illustrated Supplement [229] The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem Serovpe Vardapet Manoukian CALL TO PEACE Of the Supreme Patriarch-Catholicos of All the Armenians To the long-suffering Armenian people, who have lived through endless series of tortures and terrors in the past, there has been no greater desire than long-lasting peace. The Armenian Holy Apostolic Church, one of the oldest churches in the world, has always prayed for human welfare and the peace of the world. In the present complex political situation when humanity faces the nightmare of a world war which will demand the sacrifice of new millions, the Armenian Church, faithful to her traditional principles, raises her voice in the name of peace and joins whole- heartedly in the resolutions passed at the Stockholm session of the World Congress of the Friends of Peace. Supreme Patriarch-Catholicos of all the Armenians Georg VI Supreme Spiritual Council of Echmiadzin It was reported by Reuters from London on August 5 that the leaders of the Churches in the Soviet Union—Patriarch Alexei of Moscow and all Russia, Patriarch Catholicos Kalistrat of all Georgia and Patriarch Catholicos Georg of all Armenia—had conferred in Tbilisi, Georgia, when they issued a "peace appeal" to Christians throughout the world. The appeal to peace of these Soviet church dignitaries is simply one manifestation of a world-wide movement for peace on the part of Christian churches and church leaders. The World Council of Churches which met at Geneva in February of this year condemned the H-bomb as a "sin against God" and urged the Council's member churches to press their national governments for the international control of all weapons of mass destruction. In response to this appeal the Fedel^ation of Protestant. Churches of Switzerland voted to present to the Swiss Government the text of the World Council's statement on the hydrogen bomb, urging it "to use its moral authority" as a neutral power "to remove the menace of random mechanized armaments." The Council of Kerk en Vrede in Holland, an interconfessional organization, in a recent appeal directed^ to the Dutch Nation, urged Christians in the Netherlands to "break free from the anti-Christian faith in brute force," and oppose the militarization of their country." Similarly the National Synod of the Reformed Church of France at its meeting at Nimes, June 2-5, demanded that immediate action be taken urging "the renunciation of the whole principle of intangible national sovereignties . and complete disarmament" by the various Governments and the United Nations, "beginning with bacteriological and atomic weapons." The Ecumenical Committee of the Hungarian Protestant Churches in Budapest asked that the World Council of Churches call upon the UN and all national governments to "prohibit atomic arid bacterial warfare at once" and to "start negotiations to solve all inter- national controversies as well as to achieve general disarmament." Memorial services were held to the same end in churches in the United States and in other countries throughout the world on the fifth anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. A group of Roman Catholic personalities and clergymen in France, including Abbe Jean Boulier, also issued a statement in which they expressed approval "of all efforts made in every country to develop a will for peace throughout the world and in particular . of the Stockholm Appeal." The Pope, in an encyclical on July 19, addressed himself to the heads of Governments to make every effort for the attainment of a "true peace," for war brmgs ' nothmg other than ruins, death and every kind of misery. With the passage of time such murderous and inhuman weapons have been introduced and developed that not only armies and navies, not only cities, hamlets and villages, not only treasures of religion, or art and of culture can be exterminated but even innocent children with their mothers, 'the sick and the undefended old people. Everything beautiful, good and holy that the genius of man has produced, everything or nearly everything can be annihilated." 130 .A f ':> •• ^^mmtMt^nmii^ o O ;-; fl) (1) oJ C/J C ^+^OJ n^ O a( 4-> > OJ d J cu _ ^ -I y c^ o a, ^^ >1 T3 . 5 Js g i- .nH d cu C33 -to CO CD C3> ^^ ^ W-ci ca . G «r c/i CN! io W3 CI '3 CD J2 P= CD s?> -Ci CO CD B CO < a a^o 0) +J o -< -i-i cu c« o 5 -si < -to o a oi a) 13 a ^ 5h" <D CD (D 0) Oh ^ . CD •-D •s^o^ 03 .rt C cu cu -|3 d 4-( "3 0) CD <^ .2 •2 Xi a +0 <5h <D o) o a CD (D C3 3 5-1 'O Co a d CO <D 4-H s CD V -o QJ -Ki ;g^ d -o •5 en CD CO d "5II d d ?i. 7l<! d CD o to CO o3 -Q H-l +0 i-T M ^ <D.2 > OJ CO (D g3 CD (D (D (D rr> OJ CD CQ a CD CD eg d B, _CQ 4h rf CQ +3 O a3 CO C/3 "S (D 5-1 CD h. §1 c/3 w w < CD CD CD U Xi h H (D CD CD bD "^ S^ CS CS d pq3i cu CU Alice Stone Blackwell (1857-1950) A Symposium By Charles A. Vertanes There was nothing vague or obscure in her thinking. She dwelt in no neutral zone. She was well assured that what is morally wrong can never be politically right. Courage and confidence were the good angels that dwelt with her and through her breathed a benediction on us all. —Samuel A. Eliot Introduction AT a gathering of distinguished men and women on Thursday, May 11, the late Alice Stone Blackwell was honored when her portrait^ was presented to the Boston University Women's Council and hung in the Louise Holman Fisk House. Tributes were paid this famous woman graduate of Boston University by Mrs. Everett O. Fisk, founder and first president of the Council; Mrs. Maud Wood Park, first president of the National League of Women Voters and co- worker with Miss Blackwell in the long years of suffrage campaigns ; and Bishop Lewis O. Hartman, editor of the ^ion's Herald in the early years when Miss Blackwell was a contributor. Presentation of the portrait to the Council President, Mrs.