Name: ____________________________________ 1. The Earth’s actual shape is most correctly described 3. According to the reference diagram of the as Electromagnetic Spectrum, which form of 1. a circle 2. a perfect sphere electromagnetic energy has the longest wavelength? 3. an oblate sphere 4. an eccentric ellipse 1. radio waves 2. infrared 3. red light 4. gamma rays 2. The diagram shows the altitude of Polaris above the horizon at a certain location. 4. An air mass originating over north central Canada would most likely be 1. warm and dry 2. warm and moist 3. cold and dry 4. cold and moist What is the latitude of the observer? 1. 10º North 2. 40º North 3. 50º North 4. 90º North 5. Which graph best represents the relationship between the moisture-holding capacity (ability to hold moisture) of the atmosphere and atmospheric temperature? 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. In the diagram of a mountain, locations A and B have the same elevation. Compared to the climate at location A, the climate at location B will be 1. warmer and drier 2. cooler and drier 3. warmer and wetter 4. cooler and wetter 7. Two coastal cities have the same latitude and elevation, but are located near different oceans. Which statement best explains why the two cities have different climates? 1. They are at different longitudes. 2. They are near different ocean currents. 3. They have different angles of insolation. 4. They have different numbers of daylight hours. 8. As warm, moist air moves into a region, barometric pressure readings in the region will generally 1. decrease 2. increase 3. remain the same Figure 1 The diagrams show the steps used to determine the amount of heat held by equal masses of iron, copper, lead, and granite. 9. [Refer to figure 1] Which substance has the highest specific heat? 1. copper 2. granite 3. iron 4. lead Figure 2 Base your answer to the question on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the weather map below showing part of the United States, and your knowledge of earth science. Letters A through E represent weather stations. 10. [Refer to figure 2] At which weather station is the barometric pressure reading most likely to be 1,018.0 millibars? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 11. [Refer to figure 2] At which station is precipitation most likely occurring at the present time? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 12. [Refer to figure 2] If the low-pressure center follows a normal storm track, it will move toward the 1. southeast 2. southwest 3. northeast 4. northwest 13. The diagrams represent four systems of imaginary lines that could be used to locate positions on a planet. Which system is most similar to the latitude-longitude system used on the Earth? 1. 2. 3. 4. Figure 3 The diagram shows part of the orbit of a satellite around the Earth. The distance from the satellite’s orbit to the Earth’s surface is 75 kilometers. 14. [Refer to figure 3] 17. The weather map shows a frontal system that has In which portion of the Earth’s atmosphere is the satellite followed a typical storm track. located? 1. troposphere 2. stratosphere 3. mesosphere 4. thermosphere 15. Which process is primarily responsible for the transfer of energy by air currents within the Earth’s atmosphere? 1. convection 2. radiation 3. absorption 4. conduction 16. In the diagram of the water cycle, letters A through D represent the processes taking place. The air mass located over point X most likely originated over the 1. northern Atlantic 2. central part of Ocean Canada 3. Gulf of Mexico 4. Pacific Northwest 18. Which map below correctly shows the wind directions of the high-pressure and low-pressure systems? Which arrow represents the process of transpiration? 1. A 2. B 1. 3. C 4. D 2. 3. 4. Figure 4 The diagram represents a topographic map. 19. [Refer to figure 4] 21. [Refer to figure 4] What is the elevation of the highest contour line on hill In which general direction is Trout Brook flowing when it W? passes under Smith Road? 1. 440 m 2. 510 m 1. northeast 2. northwest 3. 560 m 4. 610 m 3. southeast 4. southwest 20. [Refer to figure 4] On which side of hill X is the steepest slope found? 1. north 2. east 3. southeast 4. southwest Figure 5 The diagrams represent station models showing weather data collected at four different times during one day at a location in the United States. 22. [Refer to figure 5] 24. As shown in the diagram, an empty 1,000.-milliliter What was the barometric pressure at 4 p.m.? container has a mass of 250.0 grams. When filled with a 1. 26.0 mb 2. 260 mb liquid, the container and the liquid have a combined mass 3. 1,002.6 mb 4. 1,026 mb of 1,300. grams. 23. [Refer to figure 5] At what time was the probability of precipitation greatest at this location? 1. 1 p.m. 2. 10 a.m. 3. 7 a.m. 4. 4 p.m. What is the density of the liquid? 1. 1.00 g/mL 2. 1.05 g/mL 3. 1.30 g/mL 4. 0.95 g/mL 25. How does the position of Polaris appear to change 29. The rate of evaporation from the surface of a lake as an observer travels due north form the Equator? would be increased by 1. The angle of Polaris above the northern horizon 1. a decrease in wind velocity decreases. 2. a decrease in the amount of insolation 2. The angle of Polaris above the northern horizon 3. an increase in the surface area of the lake increases. 4. an increase in the moisture content of the air 3. Polaris appears to move westward. 4. Polaris appears to move eastward. 30. Which map below best represents the normal air circulation around a high-pressure air mass located over 26. Which type of surface would most likely be the central New York State? best reflector of electromagnetic energy? 1. dark-colored and rough 2. dark-colored and smooth 1. 3. light-colored and rough 4. light-colored and smooth 27. The diagram shows a container of water that is 2. being heated. 3. The movement of water shown by the arrows is most 4. likely caused by 1. density differences 2. insolation 3. the Coriolis effect 31. The diagram shows the positions of the cities of 4. the Earth’s rotation Seattle and Spokane, Washington. Both cities are located at approximately 48° N latitude, and they are separated by the Cascade Mountains. 28. Which process requires the addition of energy to water? 1. freezing of water 2. cooling of water 3. vaporization of water 4. condensation of water How does the climate of Seattle compare with the climate of Spokane? 1. Seattle–hot and dry; Spokane–cool and humid 2. Seattle–hot and humid; Spokane–cool and dry 3. Seattle–cool and humid; Spokane–warm and dry 4. Seattle–cool and dry; Spokane–warm and humid Figure 6 Base your answer to the question on your knowledge of earth science, the Earth Science Reference Tables, and the diagram below. The diagram shows equal masses of four different earth materials at different temperatures. 32. [Refer to figure 6] 34. Which diagram below best illustrates the heat If 10 Joules of heat is added to each sample, the transfer movement in fluids? smallest change in temperature will occur in the 1. granite 2. iron 3. water 4. dry air 1. 33. [Refer to figure 6] Which statement best describes the relationship between a heat sink and a heat source if the samples are placed in contact with each other? 1. The water will be a heat sink for the iron. 2. The iron will be a heat sink for the granite. 3. The granite will be a heat source for the dry air. 4. The dry air will be a heat source for the water. 2. 3. 4. 35. In general, good absorbers of electromagnetic radiation are also good 1. refractors 2. radiators 3. reflectors 4. convectors 36. An increase in heat energy can cause liquid water to 39. A pebble has a mass of 35 grams and a volume of 1. melt 2. condense 14 cubic centimeters. What is its density? 3. freeze 4. evaporate 1. 0.4 g/cm3 2. 2.5 g/cm3 3. 490 g/cm3 4. 4.0 g/cm3 37. Which abbreviation indicates a warm air mass that contains large amounts of water vapor? 40. Which symbol would be used to identify an air mass 1. cP 2. cT originating in central Canada? 3. mT 4. mP 1. mT 2. mP 3. cT 4. cP 38. Which station model represents a barometric pressure of 1,009.2 millibars and a temperature of 41. A high-pressure center is generally characterized by 75°F? 1. cool, wet weather 2. cool, dry weather 3. warm, wet weather 4. warm, dry weather 1. 42. According to the graph, what happens to the density of a mass of air when its water vapor content increases? 2. 3. 1. Density decreases. 4. 2. Density increases. 3. Density remains the same. Figure 7 Each of the four climate graphs in the diagram shows the average monthly temperature and average monthly precipitation for a particular location. 43. [Refer to figure 7] 45. The diagram shows observations of the star Polaris. Which location is in the Southern Hemisphere? 1.