Final report Who Moves What Where Freight and Passenger Transport in Australia Final Report August 2016 Who Moves What Where – 2 Freight and Passenger Transport in Australia Report outline Title Who Moves What Where - Freight and Passenger Transport in Australia Type of report Information paper Purpose For public information Abstract ‘Who Moves What Where’ is a NTC initiative designed to better inform future planning and policy development by filling gaps in information on passenger and freight movement in Australia. This report provides a vital quantitative component of the ‘Who Moves What Where’ project by reviewing existing data sources and reports. It answers specific questions related to the movement of freight and passengers on Australia’s road and rail networks, including a high-level analysis of the networks, operators and transport task. Key words Road Network, Rail Network, Passenger Task, Freight Task Contact National Transport Commission Level 15/628 Bourke Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia Ph: +61 (03) 9236 5000 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ntc.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921604-96-6 Final report 3 Contents Executive Summary 14 Context 14 Operators 14 Networks 14 Freight task 15 Passenger task 15 Information gaps 16 Chapter 1: Introduction 17 1.1 Objectives 17 1.2 Who Moves What Where 17 1.3 Study approach 18 1.3.1 Scope 18 1.3.2 Methodology 18 1.3.3 Data sources 18 1.3.4 Report structure 18 1.3.5 Next steps 19 Chapter 2: Overview 20 2.1 The national transport task 20 2.2 Growth of the national transport task 21 2.3 Doubling of road freight task 23 Chapter 3: Operators 24 3.1 Road freight operators 25 3.1.1 Fleet profile information 28 3.1.2 Vehicle classification information 32 3.1.3 Employees information 34 3.2 Rail freight operators 36 3.2.1 The number of operators in the rail industry, key operators 38 3.2.2 Fleet profile information 44 3.3 Road passenger operators 47 3.3.1 The number of public bus operators in the road passenger transport industry 49 3.3.2 The number of tourist bus operators 51 3.3.3 The number of employees 52 Who Moves What Where – 4 Freight and Passenger Transport in Australia 3.4 Rail passenger 52 3.4.1 The number of operators providing public transport 53 3.4.2 The number of operators providing tourist passenger 55 3.4.3 Fleet profile information for public transport 57 Chapter 4: Networks 59 4.1 Road network 59 4.2 Rail network 62 4.2.1 Where does freight operate over networks shared with passenger services? 63 4.2.2 Rail passenger network utilisation 64 4.2.3 Rail freight utilisation 65 4.2.4 Commodity-based rail networks 67 4.3 Bus network 73 Chapter 5: Freight task 75 5.1 Road freight task 75 5.1.1 What are they moving? 77 5.1.2 Where are they moving it to and from? 81 5.1.3 Origin-destination pattern 85 5.2 Rail freight task 89 5.2.1 What are they moving? 90 5.2.2 Where are they moving it to and from? 92 5.2.3 Origin-destination 94 5.3 Container movement 99 Chapter 6: Passenger task 101 6.1 Road passenger task 115 6.1.1 Public bus usage statistics-trends for each state/territory 115 6.1.2 Tourist bus usage statistics-trends for each state / territory 117 6.2 Rail passenger task 117 6.2.1 Urban public transport 117 6.2.2 Non-urban public transport 119 6.2.3 Where are they moving them to and from? 122 6.2.4 Percentage of urban, intrastate, interstate trips 123 Final report 5 Chapter 7: Data gaps 124 7.1 Road freight data gaps 124 7.1.1 Number of ancillary versus hire-and-reward vehicles 124 7.1.2 Number of employees per fleet 124 7.2 Rail freight data gaps 125 7.2.1 Commodities moved 125 7.2.2 Rail network utilisation 125 7.3 Rail passenger data gaps 125 7.3.1 Fleet profile for tourist train operators 125 7.3.2 Tourist rail usage 125 7.3.3 Rail network utilisation 125 7.4 Next steps 126 State attachments 127 1 New South Wales 128 1.1 Networks 129 1.1.1 Road network 129 1.1.2 Rail network 130 1.1.3 Bus network 132 1.1.4 Rail network utilisation 133 1.2 Rail operators 134 1.2.1 Rail tourist operators 134 1.3 Freight task 135 1.4 Passenger task 135 2 Victoria 137 2.1 Networks 138 2.1.1 Road network 138 2.1.2 Rail network 139 2.1.3 Rail network utilisation 141 2.1.4 Bus network 141 2.1.5 Tourist bus routes 142 2.2 Rail operators 142 2.2.1 Tourist rail operators 143 2.3 Freight task 144 2.4 Passenger task 144 Who Moves What Where – 6 Freight and Passenger Transport in Australia 3 Queensland 146 3.1 Networks 147 3.1.1 Road network 147 3.1.2 Rail network 148 3.1.3 Rail network utilisation 150 3.1.4 Bus network 151 3.1.5 Tourist routes 152 3.2 Rail operators 152 3.2.1 Rail tourist operators 153 3.3 Freight task 153 3.4 Passenger task 154 4 South Australia 157 4.1 Networks 158 4.1.1 Rail network 158 4.1.2 Rail network utilisation 159 4.1.3 Bus network 160 4.2 Rail operators 161 4.2.1 Rail tourist operators 161 4.3 Passenger task 162 5 Western Australia 163 5.1 Networks 164 5.1.1 Road network 164 5.1.2 Rail network 166 5.1.3 Rail network utilisation 168 5.1.4 Bus network 169 5.2 Rail operators 169 5.2.1 Rail tourist operators 170 5.3 Freight task 170 5.3.1 Port of Fremantle 171 5.4 Passenger task 171 Final report 7 6 Tasmania 173 6.1 Networks 174 6.1.1 Road network 174 6.1.2 Rail network 175 6.2 Rail operators 175 6.2.1 Tourist rail operators 176 6.3 Freight task 176 6.4 Passenger task 177 7 Northern Territory 178 7.1 Networks 179 7.1.1 Road network 179 7.1.2 Rail network 179 7.1.3 Bus network 180 7.2 Rail operators 180 7.2.1 Rail tourist operators 180 8 Australian Capital Territory 181 8.1 Networks 182 8.1.1 Freight network 182 8.1.2 Bus network 184 8.2 Rail operators 184 8.2.1 Tourist rail operators 184 8.3 Freight task 185 8.4 Passenger task 186 Bibliography 187 Who Moves What Where – 8 Freight and Passenger Transport in Australia List of tables Table 1: Total tonne-kilometres of rigid trucks 31 Table 2: Ancillary and hire & reward truck / delivery drivers by state, 2011 33 Table 3: Top 10 occupations in road freight transport sector 35 Table 4: Principal train operators 38 Table 5: Principal infrastructure managers of Australian railways (passengers and freight) 39 Table 6: Aurizon operation’s snapshot 42 Table 7: Billion net tonne-km carried by Aurizon 42 Table 8: Billion net tonne-km carried by Asciano 43 Table 9: Principal train operators 44 Table 10: Freight task by hire & reward railways (net tonne-kilometres) 45 Table 11: Freight task by ancillary railways, (net tonne-kilometres) 46 Table 12: Number of buses, 2006–14 48 Table 13: Bus tasks by configuration 48 Table 14: Bus operators servicing public transport 50 Table 15: Australian major coach bus operators 51 Table 16: Total and average kilometres travelled for tour services 51 Table 17: Principle rail infrastructure mangers 52 Table 18: Principal passenger train operators in Australia 53 Table 19: Passenger rail operators 54 Table 20: Principal tourist train operators 56 Table 21: Urban rail rolling stock 57 Table 22: Non-urban rail rolling stock 58 Table 23: Route-kilometres of shared and dedicated rail network 64 Table 24: Number of weekly intermodal rail services, 2015 66 Table 25: Automatic fare collection in Australian cities 73 Table 26: Important tourist routes 74 Table 27: Road freight task 76 Table 28: Tonnage at each state 81 Table 29: Billion net tonne-km carried by Aurizon and Asciano (two major operators) 92 Table 30: Summary of rail freight task 93 Table 31: Bulk rail freight, by origin and destination (thousand net tonnes), 2013–14 84 Table 32: OD for bulk commodities carried by rail freight, 2007–08 (million net tonne kms) 98 Table 33: OD for total freight carried by rail freight, 2007–08 (million net tonne kms) 99 Table 34: Forecasts of urban public transport passenger tasks by capital city, 2011–2030 99 Table 35: Utilisation by conurbation and mode, 2010–11 111 Final report 9 Table 36: Total kilometres (m) travelled, by state registration – by area of operation 112 Table 37: Total kilometres (m) travelled, share for urban and non-urban areas 112 Table 38: Australia method of travel to work 114 Table 39: Urban rail passenger movement (million) 117 Table 40: Non-urban rail patronage (thousands) 120 Table 41: passenger-kilometres travelled by rail 122 Table 42: Rail passenger task, percentage of urban, non-urban trips 123 Table 43: Predicted growth in public transport ridership in Sydney (2011–2031) 136 Table 44: Predicted growth in public transport ridership in Melbourne, 2011–31 145 Table 45: Predicted growth in public transport ridership in SEQ (2011–2031) 156 Table 46: Predicted growth in public transport ridership in Adelaide, 2011–2031 162 Table 47: Predicted growth in public transport ridership in Perth, 2011–2031 172 Table 48: Predicted growth in bus ridership in Canberra, 2011–2031 186 Who Moves What Where – 10 Freight and Passenger Transport in Australia List of figures Figure 1: National passenger task (passenger-kilometres) by mode, 2013–14 20 Figure 2: National freight task (tonne-kilometres) by mode, 2013–14 21 Figure 3: Growth in national passenger task (passenger-kilometres) by mode 21 Figure 4: Growth in national freight task (tonne-kilometres) by mode 23 Figure 5: Growth in road freight task (tonne-kilometres) 23 Figure 6: Market share 25 Figure 7: Market share of Toll, Linfox and others, 2011 revenue 26 Figure 8: Fleet profile 29 Figure 9: Tonne-kilometres (million) of rigid trucks (left), articulated trucks (right) 29 Figure 10: Total tonnes and tonne-kilometres by type of vehicle by states 30 Figure 11: Total tonne-kilometres by type of trucks 30 Figure 12: Trend from 2006 to 2014 31