Treasure Act Annual Report 2016 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 12 to the Treasure Act 1996 December 2018 1 ii Treasure Act Annual Report 2016 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 12 to the Treasure Act 1996 December 2018 1 © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2018 Compiled by I Richardson Published by Portable Antiquities and Treasure, Learning and National Partnerships, British Museum 2 Contents Minister’s foreword Error! Bookmark not defined. Introduction 5 Treasure cases 2016 7 Table of Treasure cases 2016 18 Update on 2015 Treasure cases 63 3 4 Minister’s foreword I am pleased to introduce the Treasure Act Annual Report 2016, which provides a report on the operation of the Treasure Act 1996 for that year. The Treasure Act is an enduring success, ensuring that museums are able to acquire the most important archaeological discoveries for the benefit of all. The year 2016 saw 1,116 potential Treasure finds reported in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Of these discoveries, 363 have been (or are to be) acquired by public collections. Many museum acquisitions have been made possible only through the kind assistance of funding bodies, particularly the Art Fund, Headley Trust, Heritage Lottery Fund, National Heritage Memorial Fund and the Art Council England/V&A Purchase Grant Fund. I am grateful to these organisations for their recognition of the importance of archaeological finds and their support of museums’ efforts to acquire them. I also applaud the large number of interested parties waiving their right to a reward for Treasure cases, with individuals foregoing their share in 86 cases this year. These donations have allowed museums to acquire finds that they may not have otherwise been able to, thereby allowing the public to enjoy and experts to study them. There are many bodies and people who deserve praise for the ongoing success of the Treasure Act, in particular the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and its local network of 40 Finds Liaison Officers (FLOs) across England and Wales, to whom almost all finds of Treasure are reported. The Scheme is fundamental to the operation of the Act, and on behalf of the Government I would like to thank the British Museum, its local partners, and Amgueddfa Cymru/National Museum Wales for their commitment to the success of the PAS. The role of the FLOs is vital in disseminating information about the Act and archaeological best practice to finders of Treasure and landowners. They are indispensable in facilitating the administration of Treasure cases and providing the logistical means for the Act to function. Together with curators, scientists and conservators at the national museums of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, they also provide expert reports on Treasure finds for coroners, who, along with their staff, are owed thanks for their diligence in holding Treasure inquests. The British Museum, which manages the PAS in England, also supports coroners and serves as the secretariat for the Treasure Valuation Committee and I am grateful for their continued hard work. In order to ensure the long-term success of the Act, and that it reflects current practice and works as efficiently as possible, the Government remains committed to conducting a review of the Treasure Act Code of Practice. This will also consider the definition of Treasure, and whether that should be amended. Finally I would like to acknowledge the ongoing contribution of the Treasure Valuation Committee, chaired by Lord Renfrew of Kaimsthorn. I am grateful for the services of all of the Committee members, who voluntarily provide their time and expertise. Michael Ellis Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage, and Tourism December 2018 5 Introduction Under the Treasure Act 1996, finders have a legal obligation to report all finds of potential Treasure. For a summary see https://finds.org.uk/treasure or the leaflet Advice for Finders of Archaeological Objects, Including Treasure. The Act allows a museum to acquire Treasure finds for public benefit. If this happens, a reward is paid, which is (normally) shared equally between the finder and landowner, though the interested parties may wish to waive their rewards, enabling museums to acquire such finds at no or reduced cost. Rewards are fixed at the market value of the find, determined by the Secretary of State on the advice of an independent panel of experts known as the Treasure Valuation Committee. Treasure finds account for a relatively small proportion of archaeological items found in England and Wales by the public, and finders are encouraged to record all archaeological items with the Portable Antiquities Scheme: this data is published on its online database at finds.org.uk. The Scheme and its network of local archaeologists – experts in recording small finds, known as Finds Liaison Officers – play an important role in the operation of the Treasure Act, advising finders of their legal obligations, providing advice on the process and writing reports on potential Treasure finds for local coroners. Organisation The administration of the Treasure Act is undertaken by the British Museum, which employs a Treasure Registrar and four Assistant Treasure Registrars, one of whom is part-time. This work involves the preparation of Treasure cases for inquest (at a Coroner’s Court), the handling of disclaimed cases, acting as the secretariat of the Treasure Valuation Committee, and the payment of rewards to finders/landowners. In Wales, Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales carries out the liaison with finders and coroners and in Northern Ireland this is done by the National Museum of Northern Ireland. Treasure Valuation Committee The Committee’s terms of reference are detailed in the Treasure Act 1996 Code of Practice. In short, it is tasked to recommend to the Secretary of State the value of Treasure finds, to recommend abatements of rewards in the case of misbehaviour on the part of the interested parties, and to recommend an apportionment of the reward when there is a disagreement among the parties. The Committee is made up of independent experts appointed for their knowledge of the antiquities trade; its membership also includes someone to represent the interests of finders, a museums’ representative, and an expert in cultural property law. Membership of the Committee consists of Lord Renfrew of Kaimsthorn (Chair), Professor Roger Bland, Ms Gail Boyle, Ms Marian Campbell, Ms Harry Bain, Ms Hetty Gleave, Mr Christopher Martin and Mr Jim Brown. More information on the Treasure Valuation Committee, as well as electronic versions of the minutes of the meetings of the Committee, can be found online at finds.org.uk/treasure Publication This report, and copies of previous reports, is published online at: https://finds.org.uk/publications 6 Treasure cases 2016 Number of Treasure cases and geographic distribution The number of Treasure cases reported in 2016 was 1,116 (Table A). This is more than five times the number of cases reported in 1998, the first full year of the Act. Table A: Number of Treasure cases reported 1988–2016 (England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Year No. of Treasure cases 1988 19 1989 23 1990 22 1991 16 1992 34 1993 37 1994 36 1995 20 1996 24 1997 79 1998 201 1999 236 2000 233 2001 214 2002 240 2003 427 2004 506 2005 595 2006 673 2007 747 2008 806 2009 778 2010 860 2011 969 2012 990 2013 990 2014 1,011 2015 1,005 2016 1,116 2017 1,267 The high level of the reporting of Treasure reflects a wider understanding on the part of finders of their obligations under the Treasure Act, through the education and outreach work of the Portable Antiquities Scheme and its Finds Liaison Officers. 7 Table B: Summary of all Treasure cases 1997–2016 by geographic area (England, Wales and Northern Ireland). - 1997 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 2005 Bath & North East 1 2 1 1 4 0 3 1 13 Somerset Bedfordshire 27 8 15 6 14 8 11 15 17 12 8 9 150 Berkshire & 18 2 2 4 4 3 11 12 15 16 11 10 108 Reading Bristol 1 1 2 Buckinghamshire & 45 13 9 22 14 12 23 18 20 24 30 23 252 Milton Keynes Cambridgeshire & 39 22 34 21 8 21 22 28 29 22 22 15 283 Peterborough Cheshire and 29 1 9 5 10 11 7 6 10 14 8 14 124 Merseyside Cornwall 11 3 7 1 9 3 3 4 9 14 5 7 76 Coventry 2 2 1 5 Cumbria 8 3 8 6 6 13 10 9 8 11 10 7 99 Derbyshire 23 3 7 11 9 7 6 12 6 3 6 7 100 Devon 46 10 6 12 3 13 8 19 20 25 19 17 198 Dorset 68 16 17 18 17 16 23 27 41 35 40 31 347 Durham 5 1 4 5 1 5 8 1 2 10 6 2 42 Essex 131 44 36 57 54 57 91 67 66 80 49 55 787 Gloucestershire 41 15 12 12 10 5 14 19 15 15 13 9 180 Gloucestershire, S. 8 5 2 1 3 4 6 8 4 2 3 46 Hampshire 122 33 30 24 22 18 29 19 47 40 42 62 488 Herefordshire 5 5 4 2 5 7 7 11 10 4 11 4 75 Hertfordshire 42 14 16 9 19 14 11 13 17 25 13 5 198 Isle of` Wight 52 19 30 21 47 30 33 24 30 17 25 23 351 Kent 198 39 42 52 41 52 39 52 50 33 38 62 698 Lancashire 17 3 4 2 5 10 6 6 6 13 6 10 86 Leicestershire & 30 14 15 17 17 16 15 17 11 11 14 21 198 Rutland Lincolnshire 135 26 34 41 40 67 74 62 62 53 49 56 699 Lincolnshire, North 23 3 9 5 5 11 7 5 26 9 6 11 120 & North East London, Greater 21 6 14 14 15 11 22 11 8 5 13 17 157 Manchester, 4 1 1 2 1 9 Greater Norfolk 454 76 77 109 82 65 80 123 107 119 126 130 1,548 Northamptonshire 31 12 12 11 17 21 15 14 17 20 11 13 194 Northumberland 11 2 2 7 8 12 8 8 4 4 7 4 77 Nottinghamshire 44 4 14 24 14 20 15 11 9 10 23 18 206 Oxfordshire 38 14 12 11 13 12 9 19 19 28 46 35 256 Shropshire 29 9 12 12 15 9 11 7 15 9 14 13 157 Somerset 52 13 12 12 17 16 18 27 19 22 29 36 273