Geotechnical Environmental Water Resources Ecological Final Remedial Investigation Report Fulton Municipal Works Former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) Site Brooklyn, New York Order on Consent Site No. 224051 Index No. A2-0552-0606 Submitted to: Submitted by: National Grid GEI Consultants, Inc. One MetroTech Center 455 Winding Brook Drive Brooklyn, NY 11201 Glastonbury, CT 06033 860-368-5300 July 2012 Project 093020-1-1110 _____________________ David B. Terry, P.G., LEP Vice President FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 Qualified Environmental Professional’s Certification I, David B. Terry, certify that I am currently a Qualified Environmental Professional as defined in 6 NYCRR Part 375 and that this Report was prepared in accordance with applicable statues and regulations and in substantial conformance with the DER Technical Guidance for Site Investigation and Remediation (DER-10) and that all activities were performed in accordance with the DER-approved work plans and DER-approved work plan modifications as discussed in this Report. Date: July 6, 2012 _____________________________ David B. Terry, P.G., LEP GEI Consultants, Inc. i FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms viii Executive Summary xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Remedial Investigation Objectives and Scope 2 1.2 Site Description 5 1.2.1 Fulton MGP and RI Study Area History 5 1.2.1.1 Pre-MGP History 5 1.2.1.2 MGP History 6 1.2.1.3 Potential Sources in the Study Area 8 1.2.1.4 Gowanus Canal 8 1.2.1.5 Post-MGP Operation Land Use 11 1.2.2 Surrounding Property Use 14 1.3 Physical and Environmental Setting 15 1.3.1 Regional Geology 16 1.3.2 Regional Hydrogeology 17 1.3.3 Regional Water Use 18 1.3.4 Local Water Use 18 1.4 Environmental Records, Fulton MGP Parcels 19 1.4.1 Fulton MGP Parcels 20 1.4.1.1 Parcel I 20 1.4.1.2 Parcel III 20 1.4.1.3 Parcel V 20 1.4.2 Off-Site Parcels 21 1.4.2.1 Parcel VI 22 1.4.2.2 267 Douglass Street 22 1.4.2.3 510 Sackett Street (Former Bayside Fuel Oil Depot) 22 1.4.2.4 318 Nevins Street [Verizon Property] 23 1.5 Previous Investigations 24 1.5.1 NYSDEC Site Characterization-September 2007 24 1.5.2 Gowanus Canal Investigations 24 1.5.2.1 KeySpan Gowanus Canal Investigation 2009 24 1.5.2.2 USEPA Gowanus Canal Investigation 2011 26 2. Remedial Investigation Methods 28 2.1 Subsurface Utility and Former Structure Location 29 2.2 Surface Soil Sampling 29 2.3 Subsurface Explorations and Sample Collection 30 ii FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 2.3.1 Test Pit Excavations 30 2.3.2 Soil Boring Installation 31 2.4 Monitoring Well Installation 33 2.5 Air Monitoring 34 2.6 Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling 35 2.6.1 Depth-to-Water Measurements and NAPL Gauging 35 2.6.2 Groundwater Sampling 36 2.7 Hydraulic Conductivity Testing 37 2.8 Soil Vapor Sampling 37 2.9 Indoor Air Sampling 39 2.10 Ambient (Outdoor) Air Sampling 39 2.11 Data Validation and Management 40 2.12 Survey 40 3. Site Geology and Hydrogeology 41 3.1 Geology 41 3.1.1 Fill 41 3.1.2 Alluvial/Marsh Deposits 42 3.1.3 Glacial Deposits 42 3.1.4 Gardiners Clay 43 3.1.5 Jameco Gravel 43 3.1.6 Fordham Gneiss 43 3.2 Site Hydrogeology 44 3.2.1 Upper Glacial Aquifer 45 3.2.1.1 Upper Glacial Aquifer – Shallow (Water Table) Zone 45 3.2.1.2 Upper Glacial Aquifer – Intermediate Zone 48 3.2.1.3 Upper Glacial Aquifer – Deep Zone 50 3.2.1.4 Jameco Aquifer 50 3.2.2 Vertical Head Potentials 51 4. Nature and Extent 54 4.1 Soil 57 4.1.1 Surface Soils 58 4.1.2 Subsurface Soils 60 4.1.2.1 Parcel I 60 4.1.2.2 Parcel II 65 4.1.2.3 Parcel III 71 4.1.2.4 Parcel IV 73 4.1.2.5 Parcel V 75 4.1.2.6 Parcel VI 77 4.1.2.7 Parcel VII 80 4.1.2.8 Parcel VIII (West of Gowanus Canal) 82 4.1.3 Lateral Extent Delineation 84 iii FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 4.1.3.1 Northern Extent 84 4.1.3.2 Southern Extent 84 4.1.3.3 Eastern Extent 85 4.1.3.4 Western Extent (West Side of Gowanus Canal) 85 4.2 Groundwater Analytical Results 89 4.2.1 Shallow Groundwater Zone 89 4.2.2 Intermediate Groundwater 92 4.2.3 Deep Groundwater Zone 93 4.2.4 Jameco Aquifer 94 4.3 Soil Vapor, Indoor Air, and Ambient Air (Outdoor) Analytical Results 95 4.3.1 Parcel I 95 4.3.2 Parcel II 96 4.3.3 Parcel III 96 4.3.4 Parcel IV 98 4.3.5 Parcel V 98 4.4 NAPL 100 5. Fate and Transport 101 5.1 NAPL 101 5.1.1 Parcel I 103 5.1.2 Parcel II and Adjacent Street ROWs 103 5.1.3 Parcel III and Parcel IV 104 5.1.4 Parcel VI 104 5.1.5 Borings Adjacent to Gowanus Canal Bulkheads 104 5.2 Surface Soil 105 5.3 Subsurface Soil 106 5.4 Groundwater 108 5.5 Soil Vapor 109 6. Qualitative Human Health Exposure Assessment (QHHEA) 110 6.1 Exposure Pathways 110 6.2 Surface Soils 111 6.3 Subsurface Soils 112 6.4 Groundwater 113 6.5 Soil Vapor 114 6.6 Indoor Air 114 6.7 QHHEA Discussion 115 6.7.1 Summary of Potential Exposure Pathways 115 6.7.2 Surface soils 118 6.7.3 Subsurface Soils 119 6.7.4 Groundwater 119 6.7.5 Soil Vapor 120 6.7.6 Indoor Air 120 6.8 QHHEA Summary 120 iv FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 7. Fish and Wildlife Resources Impact Analysis (FWRIA) 122 7.1 Ecological Setting 122 7.2 Fish and Wildlife Resources 123 7.2.1 Terrestrial Resources 123 7.2.2 Aquatic Resources – Gowanus Canal 123 7.2.3 Freshwater and Tidal Wetlands 123 7.2.4 Fish and Wildlife Resources 124 7.2.5 Observation of Stress 124 7.2.6 Value of Habitat to Associated Fauna 124 7.2.7 Value of Resources to Humans 124 7.2.8 Applicable Fish and Wildlife Criteria and Standards 125 7.3 Exposure Pathways Analysis 125 7.3.1 Chemicals of Potential Ecological Concern 125 7.3.2 Fate and Transport 125 7.3.3 Exposure Pathways 127 7.4 Conclusions 127 8. Conceptual Site Model 128 9. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 132 References 136 v FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 Tables 1 Summary of Environmental Records 2 Detected Subsurface Soil Analytical Results Summary -KeySpan Gowanus Canal Investigation 3 Detected Subsurface Soil Analytical Results Summary -USEPA Gowanus Canal RI 4 Groundwater Analytical Results Summary - USEPA Gowanus Canal RI 5 USEPA Gowanus Canal RI Background Outdoor Air Analytical Results Summary 6 Sample Location and Collection Rationale 7 Monitoring Well Construction Data 8 Groundwater Depths and Elevations 9 Final Groundwater Parameters 10 Hydraulic Conductivity Values Summary 11 Detected Surface Soil Analytical Results Summary 12 Detected Subsurface Soil Analytical Results Summary 13 Detected Groundwater Analytical Results Summary 14 Detected Soil Vapor, Indoor and Outdoor Ambient Air Analytical Results Summary 15 Vertical Hydraulic Head Differential and Gradients 16 Typical Background Concentrations of Metals in Soil 17 Background Concentrations of PAHs in Surface Soils in New York City 18 Surface Soil Analytical Data Statistical Summary 19 Subsurface Soil Analytical Data Statistical Summary 20 Groundwater Analytical Data Statistical Summary 21 Soil Vapor Analytical Data Statistical Summary 22 Indoor Ambient Air Analytical Data Statistical Summary 23 Outdoor Ambient Air Analytical Data Statistical Summary Figures 1 Site Location Map 2 Remedial Investigation Parcel Identification Map 3 Historical MGP Structures and RI Study Area Sample Location Map 4 Land Use Summary 5 1849 Map of Site Vicinity 6 Fulton Former MGP Site Footprint Summary 7 Topography and Surface Water Features 8 Conceptual Hydrogeologic Schematic 9 Summary of Environmental Records 10 Extent of Observed Marsh Deposits 11 Geologic Cross-Sections A-A′, B-B′, and C-C′ With Physical Impacts and Analytical Summary 12 Geologic Cross-Section D-D′ and E-E′ With Physical Impacts and Analytical Summary 13 Summary of Physical Observations Elevation 0 to -25 Feet 14 Shallow Groundwater Contours at High Tide and Dissolved-Phase Groundwater Analytical Summary May 19, 2011 15 Intermediate Groundwater Contours at High Tide on May 19, 2011 and Dissolved-Phase Groundwater Analytical Summary 16 Shallow and Intermediate Groundwater Contours at Low Tide (May 19, 2011) 17 Receptor and Habitat Summary vi FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 Appendices (Electronic Only) A NYSDEC Approval Letters and Field Decision Confirmation Form B Representative Site Photographs C Historical Information and Historical Study of Gowanus Canal D Environmental Records Information E Soil Boring Logs, Monitoring Well Construction Logs, and Test Pit Logs F Data Usability Summary Report and Electronic Data Deliverable G Hydraulic Conductivity Calculations H Indoor Air Sampling Information I Excavation Oversight Summary Report, 270 Nevins Street, Fulton Municipal Works Former MGP Site, Brooklyn, New York H:\WPROC\Project\KEYSPAN\FultonMGP\RI Report\Final Fulton RIR July 2012\Final Fulton RIR 6-29-12.docx vii FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT NATIONAL GRID FULTON MUNICIPAL WORKS FORMER MGP SITE JULY 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms AOC Administrative Order on Consent Alpha Alpha Analytical Laboratory ADT Aquifer Drilling and Testing, Inc.