BRT 101: Planning a BRT January 2018 Public transport is the mobility backbone of our cities… …and our streets are our most precious and scarce public space. Given that, we are designing our streets for the most inefficient mode… How we usually plan streets A more equitable approach Copenhagenize.com Using road space efficiently Passenger capacity: 3-lane carriageway passengers per hour 3,000 per direction 2 lanes + elevated road 4,700 Dedicated lanes for bus rapid transit 12,000+ Even in cities with large rail networks, buses carry most public transport trips London Mexico City Chennai Rail Rail 14% Rail 21% 46% Bus 54% Bus Bus 86% 79% Sao Paulo Hong Kong Singapore Rail Rail Rail 37% 43% 39% Bus Bus Bus 63% 57% 61% Currently, conditions are not great Currently, conditions are not great Currently, conditions are not great Currently, conditions are not great The only solution is public transport, not just for those with lower incomes, but for everybody. So, how do we improve conditions? Yichang, China Volume 1: Project Preparation Chapter 1: Project Initiation Chapter 2: Why BRT? Chapter 3: Project Set‐up Since 2000, BRT has been growing rapidly. That can be more cost effective and implemented more quickly than rail 86 km of BRT 22 km of LRT 9km of metro Average construction cost in 2013 USD from a sample of 146 rapid transit projects But deliver the service and capacity of rail Van 600 Streetcar 3,000 Bus 3,000 LRT 12,000 BRT: single lane / direction 12,000 BRT: with passing lanes 45,000 Metro rail 60,000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 Passengers per hour And more flexible service options But ultimately, BRT solves three main delays faced by buses on the street Jakarta, Indonesia Delay #1: Mixed Traffic Delay #2: Intersections Delay #3: Stations boarding and alighting The BRT Basics: Putting the rapid in rapid transit Level boarding at the stations Dedicated bus lanes Pay before getting on the bus No turns across Median-aligned the intersection busway Quito BRT Basics: Exclusive lanes (must have) Jakarta, Indonesia Dedicated lanes are most critical in congested city centres Dar es Salaam, Tanzania BRT Basics: Median-aligned lanes (must have) Ahmedabad, India Why curb-side alignment doesn’t work > Parked vehicles block the bus lane Why curb-side alignment doesn’t work > Turning movements reduce bus speeds Here is the bus BRT Basics: Level Boarding Johannesburg, South Africa BRT Basics: Level Boarding Ahmedabad, India Eugene, OR, USA BRT Basics: Off board fare collection Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Mexico City, Mexico Lima, Peru Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Las Vegas, NV, USA BRT Basics: Intersection Treatment (prohibiting turns across the busway) BRT Basics: Intersection Treatment (Signal Priority) Cape Town, South Africa BEYOND THE BASICS 5 Branding and 3 Passenger Station Design and Information Bus-Station Interface Infrastructure Service Planning 2 1 Integration and Access 4 BRT, however, is more than just infrastructure. Demand Analysis And that is what the BRT Corridor Selection Planning Guide addresses… Communications Infrastructure Service Plan Business Plan Plan Plan Define Develop TORs Detailed Design Integration Technology and Contracts Bidding Process Volume 2: Operations Chapter 4: Demand Analysis Chapter 5: Corridor and Network Development Chapter 6: Service Planning Chapter 7: System Speed and Capacity Chapter 8: Traffic Impact Assessment Planning process Passenger demand assessment Corridor identification Service plan Business Plan Mapping of public transport Infrastructure passenger throughput Plan First Step: Demand analysis knowing who is going where Joburg trip origins and destinations becomes a transport model Planning process Passenger demand assessment Corridor identification Service plan Business Plan Infrastructure Plan Network of dedicated BRT corridors in Pune / Pimpri-Chinchwad Johannesburg’s first corridor, subsequently divided into phases Planning process Passenger demand assessment Corridor identification Service plan Business Plan Infrastructure Plan BRT & regular bus services in Pune / Pimpri-Chinchwad Service Plan Answers the following questions: • How many passengers? • What are the routes? • How many buses and what capacity? • At what frequency? • Where are the stations, terminals, and depots? • Estimated costs • Estimated revenues • What existing transit routes need to be removed or restructured? Volume 3: Communications & Marketing Chapter 9: Strategic Planning for Communications Chapter 10: Public Participation Chapter 11: The Case for Marketing and Customer Service Engaging with external stakeholders Engaging with internal stakeholders Building support for the change. Yichang, China Celebrating milestones and be prepared for opposition. Guangzhou, China Building the brand and system identity. Mexico City, Mexico Mexico City, Mexico Building the brand and system identity. Communicating system information. Mexico City, Mexico Nantes, France Maps, routes, how to buy tickets, etc. Building a cohesive visual language and information system LA Metro, Los Angeles, CA, USA Volume 4: Business Plan Chapter 12: Institutional Planning Chapter 13: Business Structure Chapter 14: Financial Modeling Chapter 15: Fare Policy and Structure Chapter 16: Informal Transit Transition to BRT Chapter 17: Funding and Financing What is the vision? What will success look like? What do you want to achieve? What are the goals and objectives for this new model? Dar es Salaam, Tanzania To have a modern public transport system at a reasonable cost to the users and yet profitable to the operators using quality, environmentally friendly, high capacity buses which meet international service standards that operate on exclusive lanes, reducing travel time. ‐ DART Vision, Dar es Salaam, TZ • Customer Driven • Team Work • User Friendly • Safety • Innovative • Financially Sustainable • Cost Effective and Affordable • Environmentally friendly • Timely and Reliable • Poverty reduction Aims and Objectives Rea Vaya Johannesburg, South Africa BRT is only one component of Rea Vaya • To develop an integrated transit network to provide a good alternative to car use • A system easily able to be understood (strong radial corridors with easy connections) • Demand oriented planning (responsive to customer demand) • Improved bus speeds (cost efficiency) • Improved travel time for passengers (time saving) • One ticket /cross modal ticketing • Performance based contracts for bus operators • A viable business model for operators will create investment in clean technology and new buses. Business Plan: Developing this new model into a workable structure. This new model is predicated upon a public agency managing private sector actors through contracts. ‐ the Institutional Plan ‐ the Financial Model ‐ the Contracts BRT Entity Bus Operator #1 Bus Operator #2 Fare Fund Manager Collector Functions of BRT authority Board of Directors Managing Director Planning & Communications Operations Admin & finance design and marketing • Route planning • Scheduling • Financial • Public information • Infrastructure • Fleet monitoring management strategy design • Fare collection • Contracting & • User surveys • Business model • Quality control payments • Corporate identity • Financial • Human resources • Marketing analysis • Physical resources • Media relations • Long-term • Legal vision DART Agency Organisational Set Up DART Coordination Minister DART Mission Steering Committee To provide quality, accessible and affordable mass transport system Technical Ministerial Advisory Board and improve urban mobility for the Committee residents of Dar es Salaam Permanent Secretary Coordination Committee Chief Executive Internal Audit Information & Communication Technology 4 Units Legal Services Procurement Management Finance and Business Operations and Transportation Planning Administration, Human 4 Divisions Development Division Infrastructure Management Resources and Finance and Accounts Transport Planning Communications Fare Collection Operations Interactions with other urban Revenue Management Bus Planning/Regulations planning entities Administration and Human 8 Sections Contract Management Control Centre Traffic Management Business Development AFCS/ITS System Planning and Design Resource Customer Support Infrastructure Management Future Phases Marketing Stations / Terminals Social and Environmental Public Relations and Advertisement, other Safety /Security Issues Communications businesses Organizational structure & contracting TRANSMILENIO S.A. ALCALDIA MAYOR DE BOGOTA Planning, Management, and Control Infrastructure developed Private sector bus by local government companies get paid Trunk lines Fare collection managed by on per km basis Stations private sector Bus procurement Maintenance facilities System procurement and System operation Complementary implementation Employee infrastructure Smart cards management Financial management and Bus maintenance disbursements Financial Model Example • Making investment environment attractive for private investment • Determining for the government the fees to pay the private sector • Creating a financially viable system DART system revenue allocation ('000 TZS) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Scenario # 1 Tariff revenue ('000 TZS) 44,258,971 45,783,655 47,360,863 48,992,405 50,014,933 Government subsidy ('000 TZS) 0 Revenue allocated to systems ('000 TZS) 44,214,271 44,506,696 45,140,452 45,811,420 49,514,046 Operator1 13,780,113 14,017,813 14,273,308 14,522,843 14,659,986 Operator2 24,126,125 24,496,766 24,847,928 25,227,643