PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ARRESTED PRE-OEDIPAL DEVELOPMENT IN BRIONY’S PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY: A PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ON IAN MCEWAN’S ATONEMENT A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M. Hum.) Degree in English Language Studies Teti Apriyanti Student Number: 146332001 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ARRESTED PRE-OEDIPAL DEVELOPMENT IN BRIONY’S PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY: A PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ON IAN MCEWAN’S ATONEMENT A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M. Hum.) Degree in English Language Studies Teti Apriyanti Student Number: 146332001 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ARRNSTED PRE-OEDIPAL DEYELOPMENT IN BRIONY'S PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY: A PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYilS ON IAN MCEWAN'S ATONEMENT Paulus Sa l7lJnr2ol7 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A THESIS ARRESTEI} PRE-OEDIPAL DEVELOPMENT IN BRIONY' S PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY: A PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ffiakarta, July 3 1't, 2017 he Graduate School Director Dharma University 111 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that all the ideas, phrases, and sentences, unless oflierwise stated, are the ideas, phrases, and sentences of the thesis writer. The writer ulderstands the firll consequences including degree cancellation if she took somebody else's ideas, phrases, or sentences, without proper reference. Yoryakarta, July 3ft,2017 {d rtt Teti Apriyanti lv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERIWATAAN PERSETUJAAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAII UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Teti Apriyanti NIM :146332001 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuarU saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharrna karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: Arrested Pre-Oedipal Development in Briony's Psychological Complexity: A Psychoanalytic Analysis on Ian McEwan's Atonement beserta perangftat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpusatakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyrmpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pang[<alan data, mendistibusikan secara terbatas, dan menpublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta iz;rn dari saya malrpun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencanturrikan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yoryakarta PadaTanggal 31 Juli 2017 Yang menyatakan {t lVil Teti Apriyanti PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are so many people to thank for helping and supporting me during the writing of this thesis. However, first and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to God for the blessing that He has been bestowed upon me during this thesis project and throughout my existence. My sincere gratitude goes to my advisor Paulus Sarwoto, S.S., M.A., Ph.D. for the continuous guidance of my master thesis. My sincere gratitude also goes to my lecturers Patrisius Mutiara Andalas SJ, S.S., S.T.D., Dr. Novita Dewi, M.S.,M.A (Hons) and all lecturers in English Language Studies of Sanata Dharma University from whom I learned a lot during my study. I would also like to convey my gratitude to my thesis examiners, Th. Enny Anggraini, Ph.D. and Arti Wulandari, Ph.D. I would like to thank all of my friends in English Language Studies of Sanata Dharma University who have been helping me during my study. My sincere appreciation goes to Dian Natalia Sutanto, Kristiawan Indriyanto, Kreszens Aditya Cahyo Nugroho, Pratama Ahdi and Melania Priska Mendrofa for their support and the stimulating discussions we have shared. Last but not the least, I am deeply grateful to my family for their unconditional compassion and support. I am indebted my husband, Mesut Basaran, my children, Suzan Basaran and Deniz Can Basaran who blessed me with a life full of love and joy. Teti Apriyanti vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERIWATAAN PERSETUJAAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAII UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Teti Apriyanti NIM :146332001 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuarU saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharrna karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: Arrested Pre-Oedipal Development in Briony's Psychological Complexity: A Psychoanalytic Analysis on Ian McEwan's Atonement beserta perangftat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpusatakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyrmpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pang[<alan data, mendistibusikan secara terbatas, dan menpublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta iz;rn dari saya malrpun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencanturrikan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yoryakarta PadaTanggal 31 Juli 2017 Yang menyatakan {t lVil Teti Apriyanti PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE .............................................................................................. ii THESIS DEFENCE APPROVAL PAGE .......................................................... iii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................... iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... ix ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................ x CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 1.1. Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1 1.2. Thesis Questions ........................................................................................... 9 1.3. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................. 9 1.4. Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 9 1.5. Thesis Outline ............................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................... 13 2.1. Review of Related Studies .......................................................................... 13 2.2. Review Of Related Theories ....................................................................... 27 2.2.1. Theory of Object Relations ................................................................... 27 2.2.2. Theory of Thirdness .............................................................................. 42 2.2.3. Theory of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) ............................. 46 2.3. The Manifestations of Narcissistic Personality Disorder ............................. 59 CHAPTER III : THE CONSTITUTION OF BRIONY’S EARLY PSYCHOLOGICAL DISPOSITION: ARRESTED PRE-OEDIPAL STAGE62 3.1. Absent Maternal Care .................................................................................. 62 vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 3.2 Family Dysfunction ...................................................................................... 68 CHAPTER IV : THE MANIFESTATION OF BRIONY’S PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY ................................................................ 72 4.1. Briony‘s Inability of Reflexive Awareness .................................................. 72 4.2. Manifestations of Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Briony ..................... 78 CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 97 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 102 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Teti Apriyanti. Arrested Pre-Oedipal Development in Briony’s Psychological Complexity: A Psychoanalytic Analysis on Ian McEwan’s Atonement. Yogyakarta: Graduate Program on English Language Studies, Sanata Dharma University, 2017. This thesis is a study on Ian McEwan‘s Atonement. This thesis attempts to present how psychological complexity of Atonement‘s main character, Briony, is influenced by an arrested pre-Oedipal. It also provides the consequences of experiencing an arrested pre-Oedipal stage for Briony. The consequences of an arrested pre-Oedipal development are manifested as her psychological complexity. In this context, the psychological complexity refers to a term introduced by psychoanalysis theory as the false Self. In this regard, it is noted that the stage of pre-Oedipal plays a significant role in determining