A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS Why China Cannot Adopt Capitalism Peace and Disarmament m Construction Site. Photo by Sun Chengyi Beijing HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK VOL. 30, NO. 13 MARCH 30, 1987 CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 Macao to Return to China EVENT5AREN0S 5-9 'Sunday Engineers' Help Farmers p. 24 p. 20 Prosper Managers Receive In-Service Training Skvserapcrs Pose Problems lo Deng on the Recent Events Boning Self-Scrvice Stores: Can They • This article from the enlarged edition of Deng's Selected Survive? Works, deals with two major events — student unrest and the Energy Building in ihc Rural replacement of the Party General Secretary. In spite of these Areas events, there will be no change in the Party's line, principles and Weekly Chronicle (March 16-22) policies, says Deng (p. 33). INTERNATIONAL 10-13 Macao's Return Is Finalized Debt Problem: Mutual Compro-, • After eight months of negotiations, China and Portugal mise: the Only Way Out finally reached an agreement on the question of Macao, (Moup of 77: r.con(>niic Strategy another step towards the reunification of China (p. 4). In ihc Making Albania: Focus on Fconomic Developtnent China Spells Out Its Stand on Disarmament The United States: Weinberger s lli-Fated Visit • At a Beijing World Disarmament Campaign meeting sponsored by the UN, Chinese Vice-Foreign Minister Qian Qichen expounded China's nuclear policy and expressed the Worlfl Peace and Disarmament 14 government's concern about the spread of the arms race into NPC: Its Position and Roie 17 outer space. He also pointed out the relationship between The Election Process In Ttanjin 22 nuclear and conventional disarmament and urged the Why Capttafism is Impractical in superpowers to take the lead in all types of disarmament (p. 14). China 24 Economic Progress In 14 China Must Not Adopt Capitalism Coastal Cities 31 POWs: Find Peace In Detention 33 • Within the context of the struggle against bourgeois Deng on Recent Events In China 34 liberalization, Hu Sheng, a noted Chinese historian, explains why the capitalist road is impractical for China by examining BUSINESS/TRADE 35-37 China's history over the past century (p. 24). FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 38-39 CULTURE/SCIENCE 40-41 NPC: Its Position and Role BOOKS 42 COVER: China's industry is like the rising sun—a poster. • This article describes in detail how the National People's From the People's Arts Congress system works, and its increasingly important role as Publishing House part of the development of China's democracy and legal system (p. 17). Pubtijbed wery Mondar by General Edttofiol Office Tel.- 893860 Subscription pric«$ (1 year): USA US$12.00 trig Ish Department Tel: 890951 -546 SEUING REVIEW Autttofio A.$22.00 Canada Can.$21.Q0 bist'ibu-ea by Chira Intarnstional Book 24 Baiwnnzhuang Roud, E>e>iing Tradina Corporation {GUOJI SHOOIANi N«w Jtsalatid NI>$30.00 Hie People's Repvbltc of Chino P.O Box 399, Beijing, China UK £13.00 I'litiiT' I inmiiifi NOTES FROM THE EDITORS compatriots in Macao. Macao to Return to China Stimulated by the prosperous Hong Kong economy and China's by Guest Commentator Jiang Yiping policy of opening to the outside world, Macao's economy has he government of the People's reached an understanding in made rapid progress since the TRepublic of China and the principle concerning the question 1970s. Its total exports amounted government of the Republic of of sovereignty over Macao. With to 8.63 billion patacas (about Portugal initialed a joint declar• the Hong Kong issue settled, USS1.1 billion) in 1986, more than ation on the question of Macao on conditions were ripe for opening 30 times those of 1970. Now March 26. The accord stales that talks to resolve the Macao Macao has trade relations with the People's Republic of China question. more than 100 countries and will resume exercising sovereignty regions and enjoys preferential Sino-Portuguese negotiations over Macao on December 20, treatment from 20 or more started in Beijing last June. Since 1999. The joint declaration will nations. there is no dispute on the question take effect after the two sides of sovereignty over Macao, the The peninsula of Macao has formally sign and ratify it. talks focused on the date for always maintained a very close tie with the interior areas of China, Twelve years from now, Macao, China to resume exercise of with the latter supplying it with a Chinese territory which came sovereignty and on making proper cereals, fresh water, non-staple under foreign rule, will return to arrangements to ensure social food, daily necessities and raw the motherland. The satisfactory stability and economic develop• materials at favourable prices. settlement of the Macao issue, ment in Macao during the This mainland support has following that of the Hong Kong transition period and afterwards. contributed much to Macao's question in 1984, represents After eight months of negotiations stability and development; it is another giant step towards the in the spirit of mutual accommod• indispensable to its prosperity. unification of China. ation and co-operation, the two governments finally reached an M acao, too, has contributed to the Lying on the southwestern bank agreement to the satisfaction of economic construction on the of the estuary of the Zhujiang both. mainland. Their economic co• River adjacent to the City of Taking into consideration the operation is becoiTiing more Zhuhai in Guangdong Province. historical and present-day circum• extensive than even before thanks Macao has. since ancient times, stances in Macao, the Chinese to the Chinese government's open been Chinese territory. It was not government has decided that, in policy. until the mid-16th century that the accordance with the principle of The settlement of the Macao Portuguese bribed local Chinese "one country, two systems," it will issue by the governments of China officials to get permission to land adopt a complete set of special and Portugal through friendly co• and reside there. After the Opium policies to keep the present social operation has not only created War. however, the Portuguese system, economic system and favourable conditions for the occupied nearby Taipa and the lifestyle in Macao unchanged for further development of their Coloane islands and placed the 50 years after China recovers it in relations, but also provided a entire Macao area under their 1999. A Macao Special Admini• useful example for the world in colonial rule. strative Region (SAR) directly resolving international disputes by After the founding of the under the Central People's peaceful means. People's Republic in 1949, the Government will be established, The satisfactory settlement of Chinese government has re• and it will be administered by the the Macao question represents peatedly stated that Macao is an local people of Macao. The new another successful effort to apply inalienable part of Chinese SAR will enjoy a high degree of in practice the scientific concept of territory. China does not recogn• autonomy. "one country, two systems," ize any unequal treaty imposed on This decision has protected advanced by Deng Xiaoping by the Chinese people by the China's sovereign rights, its pooling the collective wisdom of imperiahsts, and it has proposed territorial integrity and its na• the Party Central Committee. It that the Macao issue be resolved tional dignity. It will also shows that the concept conforms through, negotiations when con• guarantee a long-term, stable to objective reality and is full of ditions are ripe. Upon the es• development in Macao. So, the vitality. The settlement of the tablishment of diplomatic re• policy is in comformity with the Macao question will certainly lations between China and Por• fundamental interests of the entire accelerate the cause of China's tugal in 1979, the two sides Chinese people, including our reunification. • 4 BEIJING REVIEW, NO. 13 • EVENTSARENDS Ml Ill iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii wmimmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 'Sunday Engineers' Help Farmers Prosper very weekend groups of countryside. For example, more technological problems is beyond E scientists and technicians than 70 professors, senior resear• our capability since we (rural travel to suburban Shanghai from chers and engineers from Fudan enterprises) have a serious shor• downtown either by bus or by University, Tongji University and tage of technical personnel. We bicycle. They come not to seek a the Shanghai Jiaotong University hope more 'Sunday engineers' will break from busy city life, but to formed an economic development come to help us." A scientist use their spare time to help rural advisory committee for the conveyed the sentiments of his enterprises develop new products, Luodian Township in Baoshan colleagues when he said, "I think tackle technological problems and County, with noted biologist Tan 'Sunday engineer' activities give us train technical personnel. Such Jiazhen as the committee's an opportunity to make better use travellers are euphemistically honorary chairman. of our knowledge. Through them, called "Sunday engineers." These famous people have not we can publicize our research To rural enterprises these let the local people down. Their achievements. In addition, we can "Sunday engineers" are "gods of expertise has enabled the also widen our research horizon." wealth." For instance, when the township's industrial and agricul• China is a big country with a rolled steel processing plant of the tural output value to grow by a large rural population and the Tanzhi Township in Shanghai's wide margin for several years in a development of the rural economy suburban Nanhui County was row and made the township the plays an important role in the first built, it had only one first to prosper on the outskirts of national economy. To promote engineer.