0 0 0 C/} 0 cd 0 oo i-i 0 Cl2 o q_ CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. PAGES NATURAL AND POLITICAL OBSERVATIONS UPON THE BILLS OF MORTALITY. BY CAPT. JOHN GRAUNT. The Fifth Edition. London, 1676 . 3x4-435 SIR WILLIAM PETTY'S QUANTULUMCUNQUE CONCERNING MONEY, 1682. London, 1695 • 437-448 ANOTHER ESSAY IN POLITICAL ARITHMETICK CONCERNING THE GROWTH OF THE CITY OF LONDON, 1682. London, 1-683 • 451-478 OBSERVATIONS UPON THE DUBLIN-BILLS OF MORTALITY, t68I, AND THE STATE OF THAT CITY. London, 1683. 479-491 FURTHER OBSERVATION UPON THE DUBLIN-BILLS: OR, ACCOMPTS OF THE HOUSES, HEARTHS, BAPTISMS, AND BURIALS IN THAT CITY. London, 1686 . 493-498 Two ESSAYS IN POLITICAL ARITHMETICK_ CONCERNING THE PEOPLE, HOUSING, HOSPITALS, 6LC. OF LONDON AND PARIS. London, I687 . 5o1-513 \ OBSERVATIONS UPON THE CITIES OF LONDON AND ROME. ") London, 1687 515-518 ".6 FIVE ESSAYS IN POLITICAL ARITHMETICK. London, 1687 521-544 A TREATISE OF IRELAND, I687. FROM THE ADDITIONAL _..-_ MS. IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM • 545-621 APPENDIX . 622--632 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PRINTED WRITINGS OF SIR WILLIAM PETTY 633-652 SUPPLEMENT TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PETTY'S WORKS 653-657 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE NATURAL AND POLITICAL OBSER- VATIONS 658-66o LIST OF BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS USED • 661-672 INDEX 673--7OO H.P. b Tuesday, yune 2o. 1665. A t a Meeting of the Council of the Royal Society. Ordered, Hat the Observations upon the Bills of Mortality by Mr. _ohn Graunt be Printed by _okn Martyn and _ames Allestry, Printers to the Royal Society. BROUNCKER, Pres. Natural and Political OBSERVATIONS Mentioned in a following INDEX, and made upon the Bills of Mortality. BY Capt. _OHN GRAUNT, Fellow of the Royal Society. With reference to the Government, Religion, Trade, Growtk, Air, Diseases, and the several Changes of the said CITY I. -- Non, me ut miretur Turbo, laboro, Contentus paucis LecToribus. The Fifth Edition, much Enlarged'. LONDON, Printed by yokn MarO,n, Printer to the Royal Society, at the Sign of the Ball in St. /'au/'s Church-yard. MDCLXXVI. a The tide of the first edition (x662) ran, "Natural and Political Observations... By John Graunt, Citizen of London." etc. On the tltle-page of the third edition (I665) "Citizenof London" was supersededby " Fellowof the RoyalSociety" butthereferenceto "the saidCity" wasretained. s This phrase is retained from the tide-page of the third edition. In the fifth edition nothing is new save the "further observations" and the Paris bills, pp. I4x--I46. NOTE ON GRAUNT'S "OBSERVATIONS." THE first edition of Graunt's Observations upon the Bills of Mortality' was published between 25 January, 1662, the date of the first epistle dedicatory, and 5 February, 1662, when Graunt presented fifty copies to the Royal Society to be distributed among its mem- bers _. In the world outside Gresham College as well as among the Fellows of the Royal Society, Graunt's work soon attracted attention. Pepys bought a copy at Westminster Hall, the 24 March *, and the book proved so widely successful that a second edition was called for before the close of the year. With the return of the plague m the early summer of 1665, interest in the Observations revived. On the twentieth of June, at the same meeting at which the Council of the Royal Society recommended the Society to intermit their public weekly meetings until the present sickness should cease, it also ordered "that upon a report of Sir William Petty of his having perused the additions of Mr Graunt to his Observations upon the Bills of Mortality, the president be desired to license the reprinting of that book, together with such additions'." As the 4 July is the latest date in the "table shewing how many died weekly," it is probable that the new edition appeared before the i1 July. It certainly appeared before the 25 July, on which day Brouncker sent to Pepys 6 a copy of the book, "new printed and enlarged." The enlargement of this third edition was effected chiefly by the addition of the appendix, the tables for Tiverton and Cranbrook, and the "table shewing how many died weekly"; the other changes, which are slight, are noted, in this reprint, where they occur. A "fourth impression," reprinted from the third, soon appeared at Oxford. The latest date in the weekly table of this edition is the 26 September, i See Bibliography. 2 Birch,I. 75. 3 2_tarff,II. 20_-_I0. Birch, 11.57. _ D_ry, v. 24. 318 Note on Graunt's Observations. and a copy of it in Cornell University Library bears the inscription "Ex dono Authoris Octob: 22° x665." No further edition was pub- lished during Graunt's life, but in I676 a fifth edition was put out, it is said under Petty's supervisionS. To this, the completest edition, here reprinted, there were added "Some further Observations of Major John Graunt." Since 1676 the Observations have been printed but once in English, viz. in A Collection of the Yearly Bills of Mortality from I657 to x758, London: I759, which speaks erroneously of "the sixth edition, in _676." There is also an anony- mous German translation 2 published at Leipzig in i7o2. Concerning the disputed authorship of the Observations see the Introduction. No MSS. of the book are known. ) Dr John Campbell in the B_ographm Britannica, xv'. 2262-2_63, note. Dr Campbell's account of the earlier editions, however, is sadly incorrect. 2 The translator was Dr Gottfried Schultz, born at Breslau 20 April, 1643, died there 14 May, t698. Travel, says his eulogist, had made him master of many tongues, "non autem leglsse tantum exterorum senpta ipsi sufficiebat, sed ut aliorum etlam usibus prostarent, multoties Interpretem accuratum egit. Cure vero modestia msignis, qua ubique usus, nomen praefigere versiombus typis dwulgandis vetaret, tale sa/tem in praesentl versloms Specimen exhlbeo, de quo (eum in ahis dubms h_eram) certo constat, ejus solertiam illud parasse. Scihcet Joannis Grauntii, Membri Socletatis Regiae Angheanae, Observationes Physicas et Politicas de Scheduhs Mortahtatls Londmenslbus Todten-Zeltuln Germanico Idiomate donavit, in gratiam eorum, qui propter eommodum publicum passim in Germanicam s_mitem computum deslderarunt."--Memoma excellenttss_mi aiOud Vratlslavienses _olyhtslori medici domini D. Godofriedi .%hulztt quam _osteris commendal Samuel Grass, pp. 2ol-224 of the Appendix ad Ephemeridnm academiat Caesareo-leo2ooldinae nat. curiosorum in Germania centurias III. & Iv., Nori- bergae, ,7x5. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE fOt-IJV Lord A'OBERTS Baron of Truro, Lord Privy Seal, and one of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Council. My Lord, S the favours I have received from your Lordship oblige me to present you with some token of my gratitude : so the especial Honour I have [Ifor your Lordship hath made me solicitous in the choice of the Present. For, if I could have given your Lordship any choice Excerptions out of the Greek or Latin Learning, I should (according to our English Proverb) thereby but carry Coals to Newcastle, and but give your Lordship Puddle-water, who, by your own eminent Knowledge in those learned Languages, can drink out of the very Fountains yourself. I John Lord Roberts (or Robartes) was born in _6o6. He was two years a student of Exeter College, Oxford, where, Wood intimates, he acquired from Prideaux those prepossessions which led him into the Army of the Commonwealth. At the Restoration, however, he received a number of honours and was made Lord Privy Seal in x66x. He became a member of the Royal Society in I666 and m 1669 he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to succeed Ormond, but was recalled in t67o. He was four times Speaker of the House of Lords and in x679 he became Earl Radnor and Lord President of the Council, an office which he held almost until his death 17 July, _685. He was uniformly considered an able but morose man. Wood, At]ttnat Oxen. II. 787 ; Doyle, Official Baronage, IlL 9I; Carte, Ormond, It. 378. 320 The Epistle Moreover, to present your Lordship with tedious Nar-l[ra- tions, were but to speak my own Ignorance of the Value, which His Majesty, and the Publick, have of your Lordship's Time. And in brief, to offer any thing like what is already in other Books, were but to derogate from your Lordships learning, which the world knows to be universal, and unac- quainted with few useful things contained in any of them. Now having (I know not by what accident) engaged my thoughts upon the Bills of Mortality, and so far succeed-][ed therein, as to have reduced several great confused Volumes into a few perspicuous Tables, and abridged such Observations as naturally flowed from them. into a few succin& Para- graphs, without any long Series of multiloquious Dedu_2ions, I have presumed to sacrifice these my small, but first publish'd, Labours unto your Lordship, as unto whose benign accep- tance of some other of my Papers 1, even the birth of these is due ; hoping (if I may without vanity say it) they may be of as much use [[to persons in your Lordships place, as they are of little or none to me, which is no more than the fairest Diamonds are to the yourneymen 7eweller that works them, or the poor Labourer that first digg'd them from the Earth. For, with all humble submission to your Lordship, I con- ceive, That it doth not ill become a Peer of the Parliament or Member of his Majesties Council, to consider how few starve of the many that beg : That the irreligious Proposals of some, to multiply people [[by Polygamy, is withal irrational, and fruitless: That the troublesome seclusions in the Plague-time are not a remedy to be purchased at vast inconveniences2: That the greatest Plagues of the City are equally, and quickly repaired from the Country: That the wasting of Males by Wars and Colonies do not prejudice the due proportion between them and Females: That the opinions of Plagues accompanying the Entrance of Kings, is false, and seditious: That London, the Metropolis of England, I[ is a Wood says that Grauntalso wrote"Observationsonthe advanceof excise, and something about religion, but these two are not yet publkshed." .dt,lltna,¢ Oxon.