Dialogue on Dialect Standardization Dialogue on Dialect Standardization Edited by Carrie Dyck, Tania Granadillo, Keren Rice and Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada Dialogue on Dialect Standardization, Edited by Carrie Dyck, Tania Granadillo, Keren Rice and Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Carrie Dyck, Tania Granadillo, Keren Rice, Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-6661-X, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-6661-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations .................................................................................... vii List of Tables .............................................................................................. ix Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Carrie Dyck, Tania Granadillo, Keren Rice and Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada Chapter Two ................................................................................................ 9 Multidialectal Orthographies: An Approach to Systematically Spelling Differing Dialects Peter Unseth Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 23 Addressing Writing System Issues in Dialectical Lexicography: The Case of Cypriot Greek Spyros Armosti, Kyriaki Christodoulou, Marianna Katsoyannou and Charalambos Themistocleous Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 39 The Standardization of a Latin-based Orthography for Podlachian Jan Maksymiuk Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 55 The Importance of Identity and Affiliation in Dialect Standardization Mark E. Karan, Kerry M. Corbett Chapter Six ................................................................................................ 63 Orthography Development for the Greek Cypriot Dialect: Language Attitudes and Orthographic Choice Aspasia Papadima, Ioli Ayiomamitou, Stelios Kyriacou and Georgios Parmaxis vi Table of Contents Chapter Seven ............................................................................................ 81 Orthography as a Marker of Group Identity in Dialects John M. Clifton Chapter Eight ............................................................................................. 99 The Development of a Writing System for Multiple Dialects of Caribbean English Creole Ken Decker Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 117 Negotiating the Roles of Orality and Literacy in Iroquoian Languages Carrie Dyck, Mary Joy Elijah and Amos Key, Jr. Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 127 Standardization in Language Revitalization André Bourcier Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 145 Individuality versus Unity in Mixean: Challenges in Orthography Design Carmen Jany References ............................................................................................... 161 Contributors ............................................................................................. 179 Index ........................................................................................................ 187 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 4-1. Podlachian Province ........................................................................... 43 6-1. Preferences regarding the Greek word <χέρι> [ˈçéri] realised as [ˈʃérin] in the dialect (Section 2-Question 1). .................................. 74 7-1. Location of Vanimo Language ........................................................... 83 7-2. Location of Kok Borok and Kau Brung Languages ........................... 86 7-3. Location of Bine Language ................................................................ 88 7-4. Location of Tanchangya and Chakma Languages .............................. 92 10-1 Northern Tutchone dialect variation ©YNLC, reprinted by permission ..................................................................................... 142 LIST OF TABLES 1-1. Language ISO codes ............................................................................. 4 2-1. Majang 2nd person imperative prefixes from two dialects ................ 18 3-1. Common words between Cypriot Greek and Standard Modern Greek that are missing from all three dialectal dictionaries mentioned ............................................................................................ 33 4-1. Examples of local name misrepresentations in the Orla commune .............................................................................................. 44 4-2. The consonant inventory of Podlachian ............................................. 46 4-3. Comparison of Podlachian notation with Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish ............................................................................................. 49 4-4. One sentence in different Podlachian orthographies .......................... 52 5-1. Language of Preference (Corbett 2012, 99): ...................................... 59 6-1. The phonological system of consonants in Greek Cypriot ................. 66 6-2. The phonological system of consonants in Standard Modern Greek .................................................................................................... 67 6-3. The frequency with which GCs encounter the written form of their dialect according to the occasion (Section 1-Question 1) .................... 71 6-4. The frequency with which GCs use each writing method (Section 1-Question 2). ...................................................................................... 72 6-5. GC participants’ orthography preferences for the six words (Section 2-Question 2) ....................................................................................... 75 6-6. The popularity of two writing methods in the case of the words [tʃiʎa]’belly’ and [stronʤiˈlos] ‘round’. .............................................. 76 6-7. The distribution of the participants’ answers for three suggested writing methods (Section 2- Question 3). ............................................ 76 6-8. A two dimensional cross-tabulation of the extent of preference for each orthographic convention of the word [ˈʃerin] in Section two, in relation to the extent of preference the typographic conventions GC speakers use in writing GC ........................................ 77 7-1. Chakma Alphabet ............................................................................... 93 7-2. Tanchangya Alphabet ......................................................................... 94 8-1. Scalability of attributes as presented by Fishman (2010) ................. 101 8-2. Some examples of phonological variation ....................................... 109 8-3. Examples of spelling preferences ..................................................... 110 8-4. Variation in some Creole pronouns and tense markers .................... 112 11-1. Orthographies compared ................................................................ 153 x List of Tables 11-2. Comparison of graphemes for consonants...................................... 154 11-3. Comparison of graphemes for palatalized consonants ................... 155 11-4. Comparison of graphemes for vowels ............................................ 155 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CARRIE DYCK, MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND TANIA GRANADILLO, WESTERN UNIVERSITY KEREN RICE, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO JORGE EMILIO ROSÉS LABRADA, WESTERN UNIVERSITY This collection of papers grows out of a workshop presented at the conference Methods 14 at Western University in August 2011. The aim of the workshop was to provide a space for the development of dialogue between dialectologists, language community activists, and others working on the development of orthographies regarding the issues that arise during the creation of writing systems in places where there is dialect variation and there is no writing system, or there is a writing system for a national language but not for the particular language. Recent years have seen increased attention to issues related to the development of writing systems; see, for instance, Lüpke (2011), Sebba (2007), Seifart (2006), and Venezky (2004), among many others. We are, however, not aware of work that focuses on the pressure for standardization when there is dialect variation. In our own experiences in such situations, standardization to a single system of spelling for a language often comes prematurely, and can, in fact, be a barrier to the development of literacy rather than a support. This collection contains chapters based on many of the talks presented during the workshop, as well as an invited paper. The participants in the workshop left feeling what we might call a sigh of relief, realizing that they were not alone in seeing that complex issues underlie the assumption that standardization