How to Use This Soil Survey Detailed Soil Maps The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, you can locate the Section, Township, and Range by zooming in on the Index to Map Sheets, or you can go to the Web Soil Survey at (http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/). Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. The Contents lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. See the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. 2 This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1995. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1996. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1996. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Gallatin County Conservation District. The most current official data are available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart website at http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Cover: This view of the snow-covered Bridger Mountains contains both private and public lands. The foreground soils of Adel-Copenhaver complex and the drainageway soils of Bridger-Redlodge complex are on private land while the Yellowmule-Lonnibee, stony complex soils in the timber-covered foothills are on public land. The public land, including the Bridger Mountains, has been mapped in the “Soil Survey of Gallatin National Forest, Montana” (1996). Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available online from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov. 3 Contents Part I Crop Yield Estimates .......................................... 30 Land Capability Classification ............................. 31 How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 1 Prime Farmland and Other Important Index to Taxonomic Units ..................................... 17 Farmland ...................................................... 32 Index to Map Units ................................................ 19 Erosion Factors .................................................. 33 Summary of Tables ............................................... 31 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........... 33 Foreword ............................................................... 33 Range ................................................................... 173 How This Survey Was Made .................................. 35 Similarity Index ................................................. 174 General Nature of the Survey Area ....................... 36 Rangeland Management ................................... 174 History ................................................................ 36 Understory Management ................................... 175 Industry and Transportation ................................. 37 Forest Land ......................................................... 353 Physiography and Drainage ................................ 38 Woodland Ordination System ............................ 354 Geologic History and Regional Geology .............. 38 Forest Land Management and Productivity ....... 356 Geologic Units .................................................... 39 Main Forest Access Road Limitations and Mineral Resources .............................................. 41 Hazards ...................................................... 356 Ground Water Resources .................................... 42 Recreation ........................................................... 389 Seismic Activity ................................................. 43 Wildlife Habitat .................................................... 445 Climate ............................................................... 43 Elements of Wildlife Habitat .............................. 445 Formation and Classification of the Soils ........... 53 Kinds of Wildlife Habitat .................................... 445 Formation of the Soils......................................... 53 Wildlife of the Gallatin County Area .................. 446 Classification of the Soils ................................... 54 Engineering ......................................................... 449 Soil Series and Detailed Map Units...................... 61 Building Site Development ................................ 449 References ........................................................... 385 Sanitary Facilities ............................................. 450 Glossary .............................................................. 387 Waste Management .......................................... 451 Construction Materials ...................................... 452 Water Management ........................................... 453 Part II Soil Properties .................................................... 679 Engineering Index Properties ............................ 679 How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 1 Physical and Chemical Properties .................... 680 Detailed Soil Map Unit Legend ............................... 4 Water Features ................................................. 682 Summary of Tables ............................................... 14 Soil Features .................................................... 683 Agronomy .............................................................. 29 References ......................................................... 1027 Cropland Limitations and Hazards ....................... 29 Glossary ............................................................