Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................. 3 References Cited ....................................................................................................................................... 4 CRUSTACEANS ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Species Accounts of Crustaceans New to Region 4 ................................................................................ 11 Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900 (Japanese Fishlouse) ......................................................................... 11 Elaphoidella bidens bidens (Schmeil, 1893) (a harpacticoid copepod) ............................................... 12 Mesocyclops ogunnus Onabamiro, 1957 (a cyclopoid copepod) ....................................................... 13 Paracyclops bromeliacola Karaytug and Boxshall, 1998 (a copepod) ................................................ 14 Skistodiaptomus pallidus Herrick, 1879 (a calanoid copepod) ........................................................... 15 Macrobrachium ohione (S. I. Smith, 1874) (Ohio Shrimp) .................................................................. 16 Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) (Giant River Prawn) ..................................................... 17 Procambarus hayi (Faxon, 1884) (Straightedge Crayfish) ................................................................... 19 Crustacean References Cited .................................................................................................................. 20 MOLLUSKS ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Species Accounts of Mollusks New to Region 4 ...................................................................................... 28 Dreissena bugensis Andrusov, 1897 (Quagga Mussel) ....................................................................... 28 Thiara scabra (Müller, 1774) (Pagoda Tiara) ...................................................................................... 30 Viviparus georgianus (Lea, 1934) (Banded Mysterysnail)................................................................... 31 Viviparus subpurpureus (Say, 1829) (Olive Mysterysnail) ................................................................... 32 Mollusk References Cited ....................................................................................................................... 33 AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES ........................................................................................................................ 35 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 35 ii Species Accounts of Amphibians and Reptiles New to Region 4 ............................................................ 43 Bombina orientalis (Boulenger, 1890) (Oriental Fire-bellied Toad) .................................................... 43 Afrixalus fornasini (Bianconi, 1849) (Fornasini’s Spiny Reed Frog) ..................................................... 44 Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831 (Malaysian Painted Frog or Chubby Frog) .............................................. 45 Pipa pipa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Suriname Toad) ...................................................................................... 47 Amphiuma tridactylum Cuvier, 1827 (Three-toed Amphiuma) .......................................................... 48 Cynops orientalis (Boie, 1826) (Oriental Fire-bellied Newt) ............................................................... 49 Pachytriton labiatus (Unterstein, 1930) (Paddle-tail Newt) ............................................................... 51 Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807) (Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman) ..................................................... 52 Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807) (American Crocodile) ..................................................................... 53 Eunectes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Green Anaconda) ...................................................................... 54 Eunectes notaeus (Cope, 1862) (Yellow Anaconda) ........................................................................... 55 Erpeton tentaculatus Lacepede, 1800 (Tentacled Snake)................................................................... 57 Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (Gray, 1855) (Painted Wood Turtle) ....................................................... 58 Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Snapping Turtle) .................................................................... 59 Macrochelys temminickii (Troost in Harlan, 1835) (Alligator Snapping Turtle) .................................. 60 Glyptemys insculpta (LeConte, 1830) (Wood Turtle) .......................................................................... 61 Staurotypus salvinii Gray, 1864 (Pacific Coast Giant Musk Turtle) ..................................................... 61 Apalone spinifera (Le Sueur, 1827) (Spiny Softshell) .......................................................................... 62 Amphibians and Reptiles References Cited ............................................................................................ 64 FISH ............................................................................................................................................................. 69 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 69 Species Accounts of Fishes New to Region 4 .......................................................................................... 84 Phenacogrammus interruptus (Boulenger, 1899) (Congo Tetra) ....................................................... 84 Channa maculata (Lacepède, 1801) (Blotched Snakehead) ............................................................... 85 Channa micropeltes (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831) (Giant Snakehead) .......................... 86 Amphilophus labiatus (Günther, 1864) (Red Devil) ............................................................................ 86 Parachromis dovii (Günther, 1864) (Wolf Cichlid) .............................................................................. 87 Paraneetroplus melanurus x Paraneetroplus zonatus (hybrid cichlid) ............................................... 88 Paraneetroplus synspilus (Hubbs, 1935) (Redhead Cichlid) ................................................................ 89 Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) (Black Carp) ................................................................ 90 Tanichthys albonubes (Lin, 1932) (White Cloud Mountain Minnow) ................................................. 93 iii Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill, 1815) (Fourspine Stickleback) ............................................................... 94 Gyrinocheilus aymonieri (Tirant, 1883) (Chinese Algae-eater) ........................................................... 95 Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède, 1803) (Alligator Gar) ....................................................................... 95 Ancistrus sp. Kner, 1854 (Bristlenosed Catfish) possibly A. cf. cirrhosus ............................................ 96 Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942 (Stick catfish) .................................................................................... 98 Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps (Kner, 1854) (Leopard Pleco) .................................................................. 99 Pterygoplichthys anisitsi