I M I 4 - v. n~uX UA0600901 • t 20 years AFTER CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT FUTURE OUTLOOK Ministry of Ukraine of Emergencies and Affairs of population protection from the consequences of Chornobyl Catastrophe All-Ukrainian Research Institute of Population and Territories Civil Defense from Technogenic and Natural Emergencies 20 years after Chornobyl Catastrophe FUTURE OUTLOOK National Report of Ukraine Kyiv • Atika • 2006 BBK31.47(4YKP) T36 To compile the National Report materials of the following organizations were used: The Ministry of Ukraine of Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from the consequences of Chornobyl catastrophe Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Ukraine Ministry of Health of Ukraine State Committee of Nuclear and Radiation Safety of Ukraine Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Environmental Policy, Nature Resources Management and Elimination of the Consequences of Chornobyl Catastrophe National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine National Commission of Radiation Protection of Population of Ukraine The materials included in the report were compiled by: Amdzhadin L. M. (4.1; 4.2); Arkhipov A. M. (8.1); Bazyka D. A. (5.1); Baryakhtar V. G. (1); Bebcshko V. G. (5, 15); Bily D. 0. (5); Bobro D. G. (10); Bogdanov G. O. (6.2); Bondarenko O. O. (8.1); Borysyuk M. M. (12); Bruslova K. M. (5); Buzunov V. 0. (5.1); Vozianov O. F. (5); Voytsckhovytch O. V. (2.2); Gaydar O. E. (2); Galkyna S. G. (5); Garnets O. N. (4.5); Gashchak S. P. (8.1); Glygalo V. M.(13); Goncharuk O. S. (4.6.3); Grodzinsky D. M. (6.1); Gudkov I. M. (6.1); GunkoN.V. (5); Davydchuk S. V. (2); Derevets V.V.(8.1); Dolin V. V. (8.1); Dubova N. F. (5); Dutov O.I. (6.2); Evdin O. M. (15); Zamostyan P. V. (4.5); Tvanov Yu. O. (8; 15); IvanovaT. M. (6.2); Izotenko A. 1. (5.1); Ishchenko A. V. (4.4); Kalynenko L.V. (6.2; 15); Kashparov V. O. (6.2); Kireyev S.I. (8.1); Kluchnikov O. O. (9; 15); Kovalenko O. M. (5); Kovgan L. M. (3.3); Komarenko D.I. (5); Korol N.O. (5); Korzun V.N. (5.3); Korchagin P.O. (11); Kosovets 0.0. (2); Krasnov V. A. (9); Krasnov V. P. (6.4); Kulchytska S. V. (14; 15); Kutova 0. M. (2; 4.4); Kuchma M. D. (6.4; 8.1); Lazarev M. M. (6.1); Landin V. P. (6.4); Lev T. D. (6.2); Likhtaryov I. A. (3; 3.3); Lynchak O. V. (5); Lytvynenko O. E. (2); Loganovsky K. M. (5); Los I. P. (3.4; 5.3; 15); Lyashenko L O. (5); Mozhar A. 0. (6.2); Nasvit O.I. (12.2); Omeliya- nctsM. 1.(5); Omeliyanets S. M. (5; 12); Omelyashko R. A. (4.3); Orlov 0.0. (6.4); Parashyn S. K. (10); Perepelyatni- kovG.P. (2.2; 6.3); Perepelyatnykova L. V. (6.2; 15); Piddubny V. A. (4.2); Pilinska M. A. (5); Pyrogova O. A. (5); Poyarkov V. O. (13); Piister B. S. (6: 6.1-6.4; 13; 15); Pryvalov Yu. O. (4.2); Prylipko V. A. (4.2); Prysyazhnyuk A. E. (5.1); Proskura M.I. (8; 11; 15); Rybakova E. O. (15); Rogozhyn O. G. (4,6.2); Romanenko A.M. (5); Romanenko A. Yu. (5); Rudenko G. B. (12; 15); Rudko V. M. (9); Saversky S. Yu. (2); Sayenko Yu. I. (4: 4.1-4.3; 4.6.5; 15); Sarkisova Ye. V. (5); Scrduck A.M. (5; 15); Skaletsky Yu. M. (3.2); Skvortsov V. V. (11); Sobotovytch Ye. V. (11); Sotnykova G. E. (6.2); Stcpanova E. I. (5); Sushko V. O. (5); Talko V. V. (5); Tabachny L Ya. (2,15); Tymchenko O. I. (5.3); Tkachenko N. V. (2; 15); Tokarevsky V.V. (11); Triskunova T. V. (5); Tronko M. D. (5); Trofymenko O.I. (4.2); Udovychenko V. P. (4.6.1); Fcdirko P. A. (5); Khodorivska N. V. (4.6.4); Kholosha V. I. (7; 8; 15); Khomazyuk I. M. (5); Tsymbalyuk O. M. (5); ChepurkoG.I. (4.2); Chumak A. A. (5; 15); Chumak V.V. (3.1, 3.2); Shestopalov V. M. (11; 15); Shybetsky Yu. 0. (11); Shkrobov 0.1. (2); Shteynberg M. O. (14; 15); Shcherbin V. M. (9); Zhebrovska K. I, (11); Yanina A. M. (5) Final version was made by the editorial board: Baloga V. I. (Editor-in-Chief). Kholosha V. I. (assistant editor-in-chief), Evdin O. M. (assistant editor-in-chief), Perepelyatnykova L. V. (executive secretary), Baryakhtar V. G., Bebeshko V. G., Burlak G. F., Glygalo V. M., Grodzin- sky D.M., Gudkov I. M., Ivanov Yu. O., Klyuchnikov 0. O., Kutova O. M., Kuchma M. D., Los I. P., Prister B. S., Proskura M. I., Rudenko G. B., Sayenko Yu. I., Serdyuk A.M., Skakun V. O., Sobotovytch Ye. V., Tabachny L. Ya., Tkachenko N. V., Shestopalov V. M, Editorial-technical group: Arkhipov A. M., Ivanova T. M., Perepelyatnykova L. V., Kalynenko L. V., Rybakova E. O.,, Klimenko M. A., Matsko O. V. Co-ordinating organisation: All-Ukrainian Research Institute of Population and Territories Civil Defense from Technogenic and Natural Emergencies (ME of Ukraine) The editorial board is grateful for comments to the English of some chapters received from Dr. Brenda Howard, Dr. Nicholas Beresford (CEH Lancaster), Dr. Jim Smith (CEH Dorset) and Dr. Martin Broadly (Nottingham University) T36 20 years after Chornobyl Catastrophe. Future outlook: National Report of Ukraine.- K.: Atika, 2006.-216 p. [+8 pic] ISBN 966-326-172-2 The authors of chapters are responsible for presentation and reliability of materials EEK3i.47(4yKP) © Baloga V. I., Kholosha V. I., Evdin O. M., Pcrcpelyatnykova L. V., etc., 2006 ISBN 966-326-172-2 © «Atika», 2006 LIST OF CONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS SSE «Technocentre» - State Specialized Enterprise «Technocentre» ALARA - As Low As Reasonably Achievable AMS - Academy of Medical Science ARS - Acute Radiation Syndrome ARDIET- All-union Research and Design Institute of Energetic Technology of Minseredmash of USSR AZF - Active Zone Fragments (Core Fragment) . AC-605 - Administration of Construction N° 605 MCM of USSR - specialized building organi- zation set up to make sarcophagus Bq (kBq, MBq, GBq, TBq, PBq) - Becquerel (Bq-103, Bq-106, Bq-109, Bq-1012, Bq-1015), radioactivity unit BSRRSU- 2005 - Basic Sanitary Regulations of Radiation Safety of Ukraine . CDC IA «Combinat» - Council of Dosimetric control of Industrial Association «Combinat» CEC - Commission of European Communities ChNPP - Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant CPRD - Chornobyl Program of Remediation and Developing CL - Control Level CMZ - Critical mass zone CRMEZ - Centre of Radiological Monitoring of Exclusion Zone CSNFSF - Centralized SNF Storage Facility ASRCC - Automatic System of Radiation Condition Control DSS - Dust Suppression System EBRD - European Bank of Reconstruction and Development EDC - Exposure Dose Capacity EPR - Electron paramagnetic resonance ESCUN - Economical and Social Council of UN EZ - Exclusion Zone EZ and ZAR - Exclusion Zone and Zone of Absolute resettlement FCE - Fuel Containing Elements FCM - Fuel Containing Materials FPC - Fuel and Power Complex FGI - French-German Initiative for Chornobyl Grey (Gy) - Grey, unit of absorbed dose HLRW - High level radioactive waste IAE - I. V. Kurchatov Institute for Atomic Energy IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency . ICGNS - International Consultative Group on Nuclear Safety ICSRWM - Industrial Complex for Solid RW Management IDD - Iodine Deficiency Diseases IPHECA - International Program on Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident TPL-91 - Temporal Permissible Levels, acted up to 1997, IRWSU - Interim Radioactive Waste Storage Unit KIEP - Kyiv Institute «Energy project* : LFCM - Lava-like fuel containing materials LRWTP - Liquid radioactive wastes treatment plant LRW - Liquid radioactive wastes LRW SO - Liquid radioactive wastes SO LRWSF - Liquid radioactive waste storage facility ME of Ukraine - Ministry of Ukraine of Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from the Consequences of Chornobyl catastrophe MHU - Ministry for Health of Ukraine Minseredmash (MPEI) - Ministry of Power Engineering Industry of USSR mR, (R)/hour - Milliroentgen (Roentgen) per hour, exposure radiation dose capacity NASU - National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine NCRPU - National Commission on Radiation Protection of population of Ukraine NNEC «Energoatom»••- National nuclear-energetic company «Energoatom» NPC - Nuclear power complex ...... NSC - New Safe Confinement ODRSR - Official Dose Records in State Register of Ukraine OG - Operations Group ROW - Recovery operation workers PCa - Permissible concentration of substance in air PL-97 - Permissible Levels of 137Cs and lJ0Sr radionuclides concentration in food and drinking water, valid at the moment RADRUE - Realistic Analytical Dose Reconstruction and Uncertainty Analysis RBMK - Model of Reactor (high power capacity, channel) RCM - Radio-contaminated materials • RODOS - System of collection and information processing on accident and development of rec- ommendations on decisions making RIA «Prypiat» - Research-Industrial Association «Prypiat» RSSU-97 - Radiation Safety Standard of Ukraine-97 RW - Radioactive wastes RWBU - Radioactive Waste Burial Units SCRM AMS - Scientific Centre of Radiation Medicine of Academy of medical sciences of Ukraine SCNR - State committee of nuclear regulation SCR - Self-sustained Chain Reaction SCS - State committee of statistics SFA - Spent fuel assembly SIP - Shelter Implementation Plan SNF - Spent Nuclear Fuel SNF DSF - SNF Dry Storage Facility SNFSF - Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility SO - Shelter Object SR - Safety rods (System of control and safety of reactor) SRU - State Registry of Ukraine SRW - Solid radioactive waste SRWSF - Solid radioactive waste storage facility SRWf C - Solid Radioactive Waste Treatment Complex SSE ChNPP - State specialized enterprise «Chornobyl nuclear power plant* SSSIE «Ecocentre» - State Specialized Scientific - Industrial enterprise «Ecocentre» Sv (mSv) - Sivert (milisivert), effective dose unit TC - Thyroid Cancer TD - Thcrmoluminescent dosimeter TF - Transfer factor of radionuclides in natural chains The USSR - The Union of Soviet Social Republics TISNO - Technogenic intensified sources of natural origin TUE - Transuranium elements Ukr SA «Radon» - Ukrainian state association «Radon» UN SCNRA - UN Scientific Committee on Nuclear Radiation Activities UNDP - United Nation Development Program UIAR - Ukrainian Institute for Agricultural Radiology URTC - Ukrainian Radiological Training Centre WHO - World Health Organization WMR - Water-moderated reactor WBC - Whole body counter- HISTORIOGRAPHY OF EVENTS 1.