Glossary ban dar Harbour master, the official coordinating foreign trade on behalf of a ruler. Also syahbandar, shabandar or subandar. bendahara The leading official in a Malay sultanate. chandu Opium that has been prepared for smoking. Tjandoe in Dutch spelling. Chettiar A caste of Indian moneylenders. chinteng A policeman employed by a revenue farmer in order to protect his monopoly against such threats as smuggling. Federated Malay The Malay States of Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan and States (FMS) Pahang. kangchu A Chinese headman in charge of a river mouth settlement of a pepper and gambier plantation in Singapore, Johor or Riau. In Johor kangchus were also revenue farmers. kapitan system The system by which indigenous and colonial authorities appointed headman of the Chinese population, usually with the title 'captain' (Kapitan China) but in the Netherlands Indies with the titles 'lieutenant', 'captain' and 'major'. kong A Thai administrative unit. kongsi A Chinese association or partnership, usually referring in this volume to a syndicate formed to bid for and operate a rev­ enue farm. krom A Thai administrative unit. laksamana 'Admiral', the title of a high official in a Malay sultanate. mentri 'Minister', the title of a high ranking official in a Malay sultanate. Specifically, the title of the ruler of Larut, a district in the Perak sultanate. nai 'Master', in contrast to phrai (q.v.). A Thai term. Nan yang 'Southern Ocean', the Chinese term for the Southeast Asian region. Outer Possessions Dutch term for the areas of the Netherlands Indies outside Java. Also known as the 'Outer Islands'. paddy Unhusked rice. From the Malay padi. peranakan Locally born Chinese or Chinese mestizo. phrai People registered under a nai and subject to corvee and other obligations. A Thai term. prahu A small sailing craft. raja Title of a ruler. regent Bupati, the highest territorial official in the native adminis­ trative corps in the Netherlands Indies. regie A government-run monopoly, as distinguished from a re­ venue farm. Specifically, the government opium monopolies of French Indochina and the Netherlands Indies. From the French regie. Resident The top British official in one of the Federated Malay States; the Dutch official in charge of a residency. singkeh A recently arrived Chinese immigrant. 281 282 Glossary Straits Settlements The British colony made up of Singapore, Penang and Melaka suai A head tax. A Thai term. syahbandar See bandar. tahils Unit of weight (1 tahil = 39 gm) temenggong One of the highest ranking chiefs in a Malay sultanate. 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